Suchergebnisse

La relación entre las formas de trabajo docente y la herencia reformista ha sido en ciertos momentos de la historia el lugar de una tensión. Desde el Manifiesto, pero también en otros escritos, los reformistas fustigan el conocimiento servil, la heteronomía universitaria frente a las academias y otras corporaciones. Una interpretación apurada de esta disputa afirma que la Reforma proponía concursos periódicos como forma de contratación docente, además de concebir a la pregonada autonomía como el mero derecho individual a investigar o enseñar lo que cada cual quiere, sin control o discusión por parte de la institución universitaria. Mostramos aquí que ambas ideas son erróneas, que no tienen sustento histórico ni se sostienen en una racionalidad científica o política. Por el contrario, afirmamos que los avances laborales de las/os docentes universitarias/os, en particular el Convenio Colectivo de Trabajo y, en ese marco, la carrera docente, abren oportunidades de libertad real de investigación y de compromiso con la educación en un marco donde la amenaza a la autonomía no está en los órganos de gobierno sino en la división internacional del trabajo académico. ; The relation between differents forms of teaching labor and the reformist heritage has been the site of a tension, in some historical periods. In the Manifiesto, but also in other writings, the reformists attacked servile knowledge, the University heteronomy against the academies and other corporations. A hasty interpretation of this dispute claims that the Reform proposed periodic oppositions as the main form of teachers recruitment, besides considering the proclaimed autonomy as the mere individual right for investigating or teaching whatever one wants, without control from or discussion with the university institution. We show that both ideas are wrong, that they are not based on historical facts nor are they supported by a scientific or political rationality. On the contrary, we claim that the progress on labor legislation for university lecturers, in particular the Convenio Colectivo de Trabajo and, within this framework, the teaching career, opened opportunities of real research freedom and commitment with education, in a context where the threats to autonomy are not mainly posed by the government organs, but rather by the international division of academic work.

Introduction -- Short introduction to lean-management -- The ideal maintenance process -- How is your process? : conducting a process diagnostic -- A couple of thoughts before starting the improvement effort -- Improving your process : step by step -- Step 1: "What can i do for you?" : improving maintenance notifications -- Step 2: "To fix or not to fix" and when" : improving maintenance work selection and prioritization -- Step 3: "Got everything we need?" : improving work order planning -- Step 4: "Like clockwork" : improving work order scheduling -- Step 5: "The real thing" : improving work order execution -- Step 6: "How did it go?" : introducing performance indicators -- How to make things work long term / making change stick -- Selected lean tools for maintenance

No presente trabalho, partindo do referencial filosófico desenvolvido por Bernard Stiegler – em articulação com outros autores e tradições – oferecemos um conjunto de chaves que entendemos como fundamentais para dar conta do presente e vislumbrar futuros possíveis. Partimos da chave entropia / neguentropia para reconhecer e projetar bifurcações em um sistema que tende a se fechar, permitindo-nos reconhecer e traçar caminhos capazes de escapar do devir. Com base nisso, discutimos a aparente simetria que parece emergir da periodização stiegleriana da proletarização em favor do reconhecimento da novidade radical da expansão digital, bem como também abordamos as implicações dessa novidade no que diz respeito à tematização das relações de poder. Por outro lado, tematizamos o potencial do olhar farmacológico e organológico em torno do mundo digital para, por fim, avançar na reflexão sobre as possibilidades de construção de futuros – inerentemente negentrópicos –, do ponto de vista do compromisso com uma política algorítmica fundada em novos começos.

Abstract
Using microdata from the CPS and the HRS, we document changes in labor force participation at older ages in the USA since the mid-1990s. Our main finding is that the over two-decade increase in participation is solely driven by individuals in good health, and does not differ across either educational or occupational groups. This phenomenon may importantly affect the results of social security reforms aiming at raising the mandatory retirement age and may exacerbate the health gap in lifetime earnings. (JEL codes: J22 and I14)

AIRBUS Military has undertaken a project to implement the industrial Digital Mock-Up (iDMU) concept to support the industrialization process of a medium size aerostructure. Within the framework of a collaborative engineering strategy, such project is part of the efforts to deploy Digital Manufacturing as a key technology for the industrialization of aircrafts assembly lines. The project has confirmed the potential of the iDMU to improve the industrial design process in a collaborative engineering environment. This communication presents the main project objectives, the key methodological points, the main project achievements and the next additional developments to increase the scope and benefits of the iDMU concept.

Transposon sequencing is commonly applied for identifying the minimal set of genes required for cellular life; a major challenge in fields such as evolutionary or synthetic biology. However, the scientific community has no standards at the level of processing, treatment, curation and analysis of this kind data. In addition, we lack knowledge about artifactual signals and the requirements a dataset has to satisfy to allow accurate prediction. Here, we have developed FASTQINS, a pipeline for the detection of transposon insertions, and ANUBIS, a library of functions to evaluate and correct deviating factors known and uncharacterized until now. ANUBIS implements previously defined essentiality estimate models in addition to new approaches with advantages like not requiring a training set of genes to predict general essentiality. To highlight the applicability of these tools, and provide a set of recommendations on how to analyze transposon sequencing data, we performed a comprehensive study on artifacts corrections and essentiality estimation at a 1.5-bp resolution, in the genome-reduced bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. We envision FASTQINS and ANUBIS to aid in the analysis of Tn-seq procedures and lead to the development of accurate genome essentiality estimates to guide applications such as designing live vaccines or growth optimization. ; ERASynBio 2nd Joint Call for Transnational Research Projects: 'Building Synthetic Biology Capacity Through Innovative Translational Projects', with funding from the corresponding ERASynBio National Funding Agencies; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [670216] (MYCOCHASSIS); CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017'. Funding for open access charge: ERASynBio 2nd Joint Call for Transnational Research Projects: 'Building Synthetic Biology Capacity Through Innovative Translational Projects', with funding from the corresponding ERASynBio National Funding Agencies; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [670216] (MYCOCHASSIS); CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017'.

Mycoplasma species share a set of features, such as lack of a cell wall, streamlined genomes, simplified metabolism, and the use of a deviant genetic code, that make them attractive approximations of what a chassis strain should ideally be. Among them, Mycoplasma pneumoniae arises as a candidate for synthetic biology projects, as it is one of the most deeply characterized bacteria. However, the historical paucity of tools for editing Mycoplasma genomes has precluded the establishment of M. pneumoniae as a suitable chassis strain. Here, we developed an oligonucleotide recombineering method for this strain based on GP35, a ssDNA recombinase originally encoded by a Bacillus subtilis-associated phage. GP35-mediated oligo recombineering is able to carry out point mutations in the M. pneumoniae genome with an efficiency as high as 2.7 × 10-2, outperforming oligo recombineering protocols developed for other bacteria. Gene deletions of different sizes showed a decreasing power trend between efficiency and the scale of the attempted edition. However, the editing rates for all modifications increased when CRISPR/Cas9 was used to counterselect nonedited cells. This allowed edited clones carrying chromosomal deletions of up to 1.8 kb to be recovered with little to no screening of survivor cells. We envision this technology as a major step toward the use of M. pneumoniae, and possibly other Mycoplasmas, as synthetic biology chassis strains. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant 634942 (MycoSynVac) and was also financed by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant 670216 (MYCOCHASSIS) and the FEDER project from Instituto Carlos III (ISCIII, Acción Estratégica en Salud 2016) (reference CP16/00094). We also acknowledge support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Sarah A. Head for critical manuscript revision.

Las operaciones de mantenimiento tienen un gran impacto en la seguridad y esperanza de vida de cualquier producto, especialmente en ciertas aplicaciones dentro de la industria aeronáutica que tiene que pasar procedimientos muy rigurosos de seguridad. Los sistemas de ayuda llevables (wearable) pueden ayudar a reducir costes y tiempo de trabajo guiando a los operarios en tareas difíciles. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un sistema de guiado de manos libre y llevable para soporte y ayuda de operarios en tareas de ensamblaje y verificación dentro del campo de la aeronáutica. El operario es capaz de pedir información al sistema sobre una tarea específica de un modo no invasivo así como pedir asistencia técnica al líder del equipo. El sistema desarrollado ha sido probado en una compañía aeronáutica (Airbus Military) y se ha evaluado su implementación en ciertas tareas de ensamblaje. La conclusión de las pruebas ha sido que el sistema ayuda a los operarios a realizar sus tareas de una manera más rápida, precisa y segura. ; Maintenance operations have a great impact on the safety and life expectancy of any product. This is especially true for certain applications within the aerospace industry, which must pass rigorous security checking procedures. Wearable helping systems can help to reduce costs and working time by guiding workers in some specifi c and diffi cult tasks. The purpose of this work is developing a handless and wearable guided system that supports and helps workers in assembly and verifi cation tasks within the aeronautic fi eld. The worker is able to request information for the specifi c task in a non invasive way and also ask the Team Leader for real time technical support and assistance. The system developed has been tested in an aeronautic company (Airbus Military) and its implementation in specifi c assembly tasks assessed. It was found that the proposed system can help workers to make their tasks faster, more accurate and more secure.

Understanding the functional effect of Single Amino acid Substitutions (SAS), derived from the occurrence of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and their relation to disease development is a major issue in clinical genomics. Despite the existence of several bioinformatic algorithms and servers that predict if a SAS is pathogenic or not, they give little or no information at all on the reasons for pathogenicity prediction and on the actual predicted effect of the SAS on the protein function. Moreover, few actual methods take into account structural information when available for automated analysis. Moreover, many of these algorithms are able to predict an effect that no necessarily translates directly into pathogenicity. VarQ is a bioinformatic pipeline that incorporates structural information for the detailed analysis and prediction of SAS effect on protein function. It is an online tool which uses UniProt id and automatically analyzes known and user provided SAS for their effect on protein activity, folding, aggregation and protein interactions, among others. We show that structural information, when available, can improve the SAS pathogenicity diagnosis and more important explain its causes. We show that VarQ is able to correctly reproduce previous analysis of RASopathies related mutations, saving extensive and time consuming manual curation. VarQ assessment was performed over a set of previously manually curated RASopathies (diseases that affects the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway) related variants, showing its ability to correctly predict the phenotypic outcome and its underlying cause. This resource is available online at http://varq.qb.fcen.uba.ar/. Supporting Information & Tutorials may be found in the webpage of the tool. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement Nr. PRIMES_278568. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Plan Nacional BIO2012-39754 and the European Fund for Regional Development. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work has been supported by grant PIP1220110100850 awarded to MM, and by PICT-2010-2805 awarded to AT. This project has received funding from the Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme within the 7th European Community Framework Program under grant agreement no. 612583-DEANN. CABANA is funded by the BBSRC under The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) Growing Research Capability call, contract number BB/P027849/1 (www.ukri.org/research/global-challenges-research-fund/funded-projects/).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential in regenerative medicine because of their multipotential and immunoregulatory capacities, while in early pregnancy they could participate in the immunotolerance of the mother towards the embryo. Peripheral blood constitutes an accessible source of MSCs. We successfully isolated peripheral blood MSC (pbMSCs) lines, with or without previous bone marrow mobilization. All pbMSCs lines obtained in both conditions presented classical MSC markers and properties, alkaline phosphatase activity and multipotent capacity to differentiate among adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, and suppressed the proliferation of T cells. pbMSCs showed migratory capacity without cytokine stimulation while increasing their migration rate in the presence of inflammatory or embryo implantation stimuli. Interestingly, in contrast to MSCs derived from endometrial tissue, three pbMSCs lines also showed increased migration towards the IFN-τ implantation cytokine. Moreover, the secretome produced by an early implantation stage embryonic trophectoderm cell line showed a chemoattractant effect in pbMSCs. Our results suggest that circulating MSCs are present in the peripheral blood under healthy conditions. The fact that both the inflammation and implantation signals induced pbMSCs chemotaxis highlights MSC heterogeneity and suggests that their migratory capacity may differ according to their tissue of origin and would suggest the possible active recruitment of MSCs from bone marrow during pregnancy to repress the immune response to prevent the embryo rejection by the maternal organism. ; Spanish Ministerio de Economía Industria y Competitividad to Ramírez M. A. (AGL2015‐70140‐R), Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación to Ramírez M. A. (PID2019‐107145RB‐I00), Spanish Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, through Fundación Biodiversidad to Ramírez M. A. (PRCV00820) and European Union's Horizon