Suchergebnisse

In early 2019 Madrid launched the first permanent citizen participation scheme in which members are chosen by lot: the Observatory of the City. Although the scheme was abandoned by the new government after the May 2019 elections, the Madrid experiment raises important questions about democracy. The project is another example of the growing prominence that the draw has acquired in many countries, as an ideal element to organise and order the participation of people in political affairs. In this paper we describe the first steps of this scheme and also highlight the features that make the draw in Madrid a unique experience both because of the implications of the use of the draw, and from the point of view of similar schemes that are being carried out in other parts of the world. ; Madrid ha puesto en marcha, desde inicios del año 2019, la primera experiencia de participación ciudadana permanente cuyos miembros son elegidos por sorteo, el Observatorio de la Ciudad. A pesar de que la experiencia fue abandonada por el nuevo Gobierno después de las elecciones de mayo del 2019, la experiencia madrileña plantea importantes cuestiones sobre la democracia. Esta experiencia se suma al creciente protagonismo que ha adquirido el sorteo en muchos países, como un elemento idóneo para organizar y ordenar la participación de la gente en los asuntos políticos. En este trabajo exponemos los primeros pasos de esta experiencia, así como destacamos los rasgos que hacen del sorteo en Madrid una experiencia singular, tanto por las implicaciones que tiene el uso del sorteo como desde el punto de vista de las experiencias similares que se hacen en otras partes del mundo.

Presentación conferencia ; This paper, based on the research developed in the Erasmus+ project Reimagining Creative Democracy (2018-1-SE01-KA203-039115), provides a synthesis of Relph's concept of place giving examples of its use in the study of past and present educational spaces. The reappraisal of Relph's concept might help address new perspectives from which spaces and places of education may be seen differently. Spaces are relevant to the History of Education and Relph's essay is important for us because it represents the phenomenological approach to the study of place and space from at least two perspectives: 1. The distinction between place and space; 2. The delimitation, when writing about educational spaces, of the emotional attachment to or detachment from a specific learning place (inside or outside the school buildings). ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

Takes exception with descriptions of Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850) as a third-rate theorist to argue that he was both a fine economist & a good political scientist. Consideration is given to Bastiat's ideas about method, the economic order, law, distribution, value, & money. He believed in the existence of universal laws in political economy & the importance of method in economics. The compatibility of Bastiat's thinking with libertarianism is explored, along with his emphasis on harmony between economics, politics, & ethics even though he acknowledged that human interests can sometimes be based on evil. Other matters considered include Bastiat's meaning of harmony in relation to the law & the market; his aversion to excessive government spending; his description of value as "in service" (human actions carried out for others); & his theory that legitimacy is arrived at from the exchange of services, not labor. Bastiat's view of economics as the science of activity/reciprocal services & his predictions that have come to pass are discussed. J. Lindroth

This is an open access book that covers the complete set of experiences and results of the FemTech.dk research which we have had conducted between 2016-2021 – from initiate idea to societal communication. Diversity in Computer Science: Design Artefacts for Equity and Inclusion presents and documents the principles, results, and learnings behind the research initiative FemTech.dk, which was created in 2016 and continues today as an important part of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Copenhagen's strategic development for years to come. FemTech.dk was created in 2016 to engage with research within gender and diversity and to explore the role of gender equity as part of digital technology design and development. FemTech.dk considers how and why computer science as a field and profession in Denmark has such a distinct unbalanced gender representation in the 21st century. This book is also the story of how we (the authors) as computer science researchers embarked on a journey to engage with a new research field – equity and gender in computing – about which we had only sporadic knowledge when we began. We refer here to equity and gender in computing as a research field – but in reality, this research field is a multiplicity of entangled paths, concepts, and directions that forms important and critical insights about society, gender, politics, and infrastructures which are published in different venues and often have very different sets of criteria, values, and assumptions. Thus, part of our journey is also to learn and engage with all these different streams of research, concepts, and theoretical approaches and, through these engagements, to identify and develop our own theoretical platform, which has a foundation in our research backgrounds in Human–Computer Interaction broadly – and Interaction Design & Computer Supported Cooperative Work specifically.

Paso a paso los Ferrocarriles del Estado se convirtieron a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX en la empresa más importante de la Argentina, por su importancia política y económica de la red. En conjunto, la longitud de vías era mayor que la de cualquiera otra empresa ferroviaria argentina y alcanzaba para 1918 a 6.135 kilómetros en explotación. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el comportamiento económico de la línea del Ferrocarril Central Norte de la Argentina. Para ello se trabajará con las series anuales de kilómetros de vías, pasajeros transportados, cargas en toneladas transportadas y rendimiento del capital invertido en tanto por uno que lo denominamos retorno. A fin de eliminar la influencia de los kilómetros de vías en las series de pasajeros y cargas, se trabaja definitivamente con los pasajeros por kilómetro de vía y cargas en toneladas por kilómetro de vías. Para el análisis se usa los modelos de espacio de estado y los modelos de volatilidad estocástica. Se encuentra que la volatilidad es la dominante en sus explicaciones, lo que muestra que efectivamente no hubo una política empresarial en el manejo de los ferrocarriles del Estado. Muy por el contrario, todo se hacía con un fuerte sentido de fomento y estaba sujeto a las disponibilidades financieras junto con el crédito externo existente en cada momento de tiempo. ; By the very end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, the state funded railways slowly became the most important argentine enterprise mainly because of the political and economical importance of this network. Overall, we can say that the track length was higher than any other private railway company and by the end of 1918 was about 6135 kilometres long. Our goal is to analyze the economic performance of the Central Norte line of Argentina. In order to do so, we will use the annual series of track kilometres, carried passengers, transported loads and a measure of the capital invested. But we will take away the influence of the track length and obtain two new series, namely, transported loads by track kilometres and carried passengers by track kilometres. We will analyze all these series using state space models and stochastic volatility models. We will find that the volatility is the feature that dominates the behavior in everything we see. This fact corroborates that there was not and efficient entrepreneurial policy in the administration of this state line. On the contrary, everything was done with a strong sense of promotion and it was related to the financial availability of the time together with the external credit. ; Fil: Abril, María de Las Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.economicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Estadisticas; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina; Fil: Blanco, Maria Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.economicas; Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.economicas. Instituto de Estudios Socio-economicos;

The use of visual materials has been one of the characteristics of history of education during the last decades, but the use of documentaries and films has been rather scarce. This paper is part of a broader research that uses NO-DO as primary source. In fact, its aim is not to know how education was, but how it was presented by NO-DO, as media of propaganda. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first, we will revise the education policy, looking at the main legislation and reviewing the role of the Church and the State in relation to primary school. In the second part, we will analyze the image of these rules and their application after NO-DO. The State assumed a subsidiary role in primary education, leaving the Church the leading role. The public schools were mainly located in rural areas and small towns, where few boys, and fewer girls, were able to decide to do further studies after primary school as the offer of public high schools was really scarce and was concentrated in the cities. Considering these aspects, our hypothesis is that the State used NO-DO to show more than it did to improve the primary education, with some nuances according to the two stages considered. Primary education was not an aspect to which NO-DO played close attention. There are 6,029 issues and only 49 dealt with this level of education. However, it is interesting to recall and to analyze what was discussed about these schools and what aspects interested NO-DO. Besides school buildings, sometimes it was possible to see teachers, occasionally priests or nuns, although their presence in NO-DO was really scarce. NO-DO focused on the schools created by the State to convey the kindest face of a regime that looked after children and offered a school place to everyone, despite the fact that the reality was quite different. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

Sometimes, it is of interest to single out the fluctuations associated to a given frequency. We propose a new variant of SSA, Circulant SSA (CiSSA), that allows to extract the signal associated to any frequency specified beforehand. This is a novelty when compared with other SSA procedures that need to identify ex-post the frequencies associated to the extracted signals. We prove that CiSSA is asymptotically equivalent to these alternative procedures although with the advantage of avoiding the need of the subsequent frequency identification. We check its good performance and compare it to alternative SSA methods through several simulations for linear and nonlinear time series. We also prove its validity in the nonstationary case. We apply CiSSA in two different fields to show how it works with real data and find that it behaves successfully in both applications. Finally, we compare the performance of CiSSA with other state of the art techniques used for nonlinear and nonstationary signals with amplitude and frequency varying in time. ; Financial support from the Spanish government, contract grants MINECO/FEDER ECO2015-70331-C2-1-R, ECO2015-66593-P, ECO2016-76818-C3-3-P, PID2019-107161GB-C32 and PID2019-108079GB-C22 is acknowledged.

What are the dynamics of partisan conflict in the mass public in the United States? Has this conflict been driven by Republicans moving to the right across a wide range of issues, or have Democrats contributed to this as well? Have these changes been symmetric, occurring for both sides, or asymmetric, occurring for just one side? Understanding how the partisan gaps have widened may shed light on potential prospects for reversing extreme political conflict in public opinion. This paper examines this question with an analysis of opinion trend data over the last 40 years. It includes an original analysis of these trends among racial and ethnic groups. We find that symmetric partisan changes have only occurred among whites. Overall partisan differences have been less for Blacks and Hispanics than for whites.

PurposeThis article explores the influence of education and experience on the time to the top in family and non-family CEOs who work for Latin American family firms.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve these objectives, this study draws upon human capital theory as well as career and family firm literature. The careers of 129 CEOs of family firms who form part of the América Economía ranking were analyzed and quantitative methods were used.FindingsIn Latin American family firms, family CEOs reach the top faster than their non-family counterparts. In addition, the influence of human capital variables on the way to the top differs between the two groups. For family CEOs, obtaining a graduate degree delays the way to the top, while for non-family ones, it reduces the time to the top. As regards experience, for promoted family CEOs, the greater the percentage of the career spent in the organization they lead, the shorter the time to the top. No support was found for either the influence of having worked for just one firm or having had elite graduate education abroad, in multilatina CEOs.Practical implicationsIndividual career management suggestions for future CEOs as well as specific guidelines for talent managers are proposedOriginality/valueThis is the first study to explore the influence of human capital indicators on the time to the top in Latin American family firm CEOs.

Dynamic factor models have been the main "big data" tool used by empirical macroeconomists during the last 30 years. In this context, Kalman filter and smoothing (KFS) procedures can cope with missing data, mixed frequency data, time-varying parameters, non-linearities, non-stationarity, and many other characteristics often observed in real systems of economic variables. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comprehensive updated summary of the literature on latent common factors extracted using KFS procedures in the context of dynamic factor models, pointing out their potential limitations. Signal extraction and parameter estimation issues are separately analyzed. Identification issues are also tackled in both stationary and non-stationary models. Finally, empirical applications are surveyed in both cases. This survey is relevant to researchers and practitioners interested not only in the theory of KFS procedures for factor extraction in dynamic factor models but also in their empirical application in macroeconomics and finance. ; Financial support from the Spanish Government Project PID2019- 108079GB-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MINECO/FEDER) is gratefully acknowledged by Pilar Poncela. Esther Ruiz and Karen Miranda acknowledge financial support from project PID2019-108079GB-C21 (MINECO/FEDER).