Sussidiarietà e ... crisi demografica: rapporto sulla sussidarietà 2016/2017
In: Sussidiarietà e ... 11
In: Studi e ricerche
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In: Sussidiarietà e ... 11
In: Studi e ricerche
In: Economia., Sez. 5.: Ricerche 198
In: Politica e economia 4
In: European view: EV, Volume 23, Issue 1, p. 14-21
ISSN: 1865-5831
Demographic issues are becoming key to the debate on the future of Europe, and of Italy in particular, which has the lowest birth rate in Europe but is among the top-ranked countries for demographic ageing. The general improvement of living conditions and the ageing of large cohorts cannot be supported by the economic activity of the younger generations, which calls into question the security of certain aspects of the social pact, such as the provision of pensions and health care. While encouraging an awareness among Italians of the trends and problems they will have to deal with, all national actors must cooperate to ensure the recovery of the birth rate, and to harness the economic benefits of incoming migrants and the experiences of older people. It is equally necessary to meet the needs of young people and enhance their social role. Only through such cooperation will it be possible to create a favourable climate for actions that will allow us to control and direct these demographic phenomena and not to suffer from them.
Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; According to destination country statistics there are nearly ten million emigrants from southern and eastern Mediterranean and Sub-Saharan CARIM countries and about four out of ten of these are women. As to immigration the United Nations estimates eleven million international migrants in CARIM-15 countries, of whom 48% are female. The female emigration rates in CARIM countries vary depending upon destination areas and motivations. In general, Europe and Northern America offer more opportunities for family reunification than the Gulf States which, unlike Western countries where female migration is confined to low-level jobs, give women opportunities in professional jobs like teaching and the health-related professions. Reports from national experts have highlighted how female migration is often related to local factors like the education level, whose rise has been noted almost everywhere and that it is considered an important push factor for the young. As to reasons for leaving the origin country and the decision to migrate more generally, national reports confirm that, while economic motives largely explain the migration of males, the reasons for female migration are more diverse. Work is increasingly important, but family reasons (mainly marriage and spouse reunification) still dominate female migration patterns. ; Partant des mouvements migratoires internationaux, un double constat essentiel ressort à l'appui des données statistiques enregistrées au sein des pays d'accueil. Investis à l'échelle d'une zone géographique partant de la Méditerranée méridionale et orientale à l'Afrique sub-saharienne, les pays membres du réseau CARIM enregistrent des quantifications de départ à hauteur de dix millions d'individus, comptant, en outre, en son sein une population de près de quatre millions de femmes. Le phénomène de l'immigration prend une ampleur toute aussi inédite : les estimations rapportées par l'ONU évaluent la présence de migrants internationaux dans les pays investis au sein du réseau CARIM-15 à hauteur de onze millions d'individus, comptant en son sein un profil de près de 48% de femmes. À ce titre, la difficulté liée à l'analyse de ce schéma de migration féminine reste largement tributaire de choix de destination et de motivations assez diverses. Le territoire européen et nord-américain constitue certes une destination de prédilection et un terreau d'opportunités en termes de regroupement familial pour ces dernières, par comparaison avec les pays du Golfe. Reste que, et contrairement aux pays occidentaux lesquels confinent la migration féminine à des secteurs professionnels peu qualifiés, les Etats du Golfe offrent de plus grandes opportunités à travers des secteurs qualifiés tels l'enseignement ou encore la santé. Un panel considérable d'experts nationaux pointe et conforte le lien d'association très fort existant entre le phénomène migratoire des femmes et la consistance des facteurs locaux tels que le niveau d'éducation identifié comme un facteur déterminant au départ, surtout parmi les jeunes. Le marché du travail représente, à cet égard, un incitant au départ au regard de la tendance qu'il soutient très souvent à maintenir des inégalités de genre, et à circonscrire l'autonomisation des femmes encore fortement annihilée par la conjoncture socio-culturelle du pays d'origine. Les rapports nationaux susmentionnés soutiennent dans une très large mesure ces constats, et confirment la double nature de ces motivations au départ. Si le motif économique constitue une motivation historiquement rapportée à la migration masculine, les motivations sous-jacents la migration féminine tendent à être plus diverses. En effet, outre la migration professionnelle, les motifs d'ordre familial tels que le mariage ou la réunification familiale tendent à revêtir une dimension inédite dans la configuration et l'assise de la migration féminine. ; CARIM is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union
BASE
In: Journal of comparative family studies, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 201-219
ISSN: 1929-9850
The shape of the Italian family has radically transformed since the second half of the last century: both vertical and horizontal ties have loosened due to major changes in marriage and fertility. The signs of modernity (increases in cohabitation, birth outside marriage, separation, and divorce) have clashed with the persistence of the traditional model of the "strong" family (through the long stay in family of origin, for example), causing a short circuit in the population vitality. The most dynamic group consists of foreign families, a relatively new phenomenon for the Italian society, which has grown along with the development of the integration process. This study aims to deeply investigate these dynamics and to depict possible future scenarios (both in numeric and structural terms) on the basis of projected data.
In: International review of sociology: Revue internationale de sociologie, Volume 23, Issue 3, p. 504-521
ISSN: 1469-9273