Inequality and African-American Health: How Racial Disparities Create Sickness. By Shirley A. Hill. Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press, 2016. Pp. v+194. $32.95 (paper)
In: The American journal of sociology, Band 123, Heft 4, S. 1215-1217
ISSN: 1537-5390
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In: The American journal of sociology, Band 123, Heft 4, S. 1215-1217
ISSN: 1537-5390
In: Signs: journal of women in culture and society, Band 16, Heft 3, S. 606-610
ISSN: 1545-6943
In: Signs: journal of women in culture and society, Band 12, Heft 3, S. 593-595
ISSN: 1545-6943
In: The American journal of sociology, Band 87, Heft 2, S. 388-403
ISSN: 1537-5390
In: American sociological review, Band 80, Heft 6, S. 1123-1149
ISSN: 1939-8271
This study examines whether working with a broker increases or reduces the payment received for the last client among female sex workers. Building on research on the informal economy and sex work, we formulate a positive embeddedness hypothesis, expecting a positive association, and an exploitation hypothesis, expecting a negative association. We analyze a large survey combined with intensive interview data on female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. These data uniquely distinguish between the amount the sex worker actually received and the amount the client paid. The analyses show that brokers are associated with significantly lower last payment received. Although brokers are associated with a greater number of clients in the past week, this does not result in significantly higher total earnings in the past week. Further analyses suggest that much of the negative relationship with earnings is due to the fact that brokers lead to a lack of control over the amount clients are charged. At the same time, the results fail to show that brokers actually provide services of value. Ultimately, the results support the exploitation hypothesis. We conclude by encouraging the refinement of theories of embeddedness and exploitation and calling for greater research on workers in the informal economy of developing countries.
In: Temple University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2013-18
SSRN
Working paper
In: Housing policy debate, Band 32, Heft 3, S. 456-472
ISSN: 2152-050X
In: Journal of drug issues: JDI, Band 47, Heft 1, S. 132-142
ISSN: 1945-1369
Despite knowledge of racial bias for drug-related criminal justice involvement and its collateral consequences, we know less about differences between Black and White drug offenders. We compare 243 Black and White non-violent drug offenders in New Haven, Connecticut, for demographic characteristics, substance use, and reentry services accessed. Blacks were significantly more likely to have sales and possession charges; significantly more likely to prefer marijuana, a less addictive drug; and significantly less likely to report having severe drug problems. For both races, drug treatment was the most common service accessed through supervision. These comparisons suggest different reasons for committing drug-related crimes and, thus, different reentry programming needs. Although drug treatment is critical for all who need it, for racial justice, we must also intervene to address other needs of offenders, such as poverty alleviation and employment opportunities.
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 67, S. 1-10
In: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics: JERHRE ; an international journal, Band 9, Heft 1, S. 19-28
ISSN: 1556-2654
Female sex workers (FSWs) from Andhra Pradesh, India, who had participated in HIV research were interviewed to examine participant perspectives on research ethics. Content analysis indicated that aspects of the consent process, staff gender and demeanor, study environment, survey content, time requirements for study participation, and perceived FSW community support for research were key factors influencing whether FSWs perceived their confidentiality and privacy had been maintained, and whether they felt the study was conducted respectfully. Findings suggest that partnership with community-based organizations and investigation of participant's experiences in HIV prevention research can provide critical information to best inform research ethics protocols, a particular priority among research studies with highly stigmatized populations, such as FSWs.
In: Contemporary Crises, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 407-416
ISSN: 1573-0751
In: Journal of social distress and the homeless, S. 1-10
ISSN: 1573-658X
African Americans in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. We focus in this paper on the structural and contextual sources of HIV/AIDS risk, and suggest that among the most important of these sources are drug policy and the corrections system. In particular, high rates of exposure to the corrections system (including incarceration, probation, and parole) spurred in large part by federal and state governments' self-styled war on drugs in the United States, have disproportionately affected African Americans. We review a wide range of research literature to suggest how exposure to the corrections system may affect the HIV/AIDS related risks of drug users in general, and the disproportionate HIV risk faced by African Americans in particular. We then discuss the implications of the information reviewed for structural interventions to address African American HIV-related risk. Future research must further our understanding of the relations among drug policy, corrections, and race-based disparities in HIV/AIDS.
BASE
In: Housing policy debate, Band 28, Heft 2, S. 199-214
ISSN: 2152-050X
In: Temple University Legal Studies Research Paper Forthcoming
SSRN
Working paper