Suchergebnisse

1. Durkheimian anthropology and religion : going in and out of each other's bodies -- 2. Why religion is nothing special but is central -- 3. Truth and sight : generalizing without universalizing -- 4. Teknonymy and the evocation of the "social" among the Zafimaniry of Madagascar -- 5. Is there religion in Catalhoyuk or just houses? -- 6. Types of shared doubt in the flow of a discussion -- 7. Toward a cognitive anthropology grounded in field work : the example of "theory of mind" -- 8. Levi-Strauss as an evolutionary anthropologist.

What is human sociality? How are universals such as truth and doubt variously demonstrated and negotiated in different cultures? This book offers an accessible introduction to these and other fundamental human questions. Bloch shows that the social consists of two very different things. One is a matter of continual adjustments between individuals who read each others' minds and thus, as in sex and birth, "go in and out of each other's minds and bodies." The other is a time defying system of roles and groups. Interaction at this level is created by ritual and is unique to humans. What is referred to by the word "religion" is a part of this, but it is not separate. The study of "religion" as such is therefore theoretically misleading. A second major theme is the way truth is established in different cultures. Bloch's arguments go against recent approaches in anthropology which have sought to relativize ideas of the social and religion. --! From back cover

"In this provocative new study one of the world's most distinguished anthropologists proposes that an understanding of cognitive science enriches, rather than threatens, the work of social scientists. Maurice Bloch argues for a naturalist approach to social and cultural anthropology, introducing developments in cognitive sciences such as psychology and neurology and exploring the relevance of these developments for central anthropological concerns: the person or the self, cosmology, kinship, memory and globalisation. Opening with an exploration of the history of anthropology, Bloch shows why and how naturalist approaches were abandoned and argues that these once valid reasons are no longer relevant. Bloch then shows how such subjects as the self, memory and the conceptualisation of time benefit from being simultaneously approached with the tools of social and cognitive science. Anthropology and the Cognitive Challenge will stimulate fresh debate among scholars and students across a wide range of disciplines"--

Comme les animaux, les arbres sont souvent utilisés dans des pratiques rituelles dans différentes parties du monde. Cela nécessite une explication. Si les arbres et les humains sont généralement considérés comme étant, d'une certaine manière, « vivants », cela ne conduit pas toujours à la même classification. Scott Atran affirme que le concept d'être vivant est inné chez tous les humains et que cela ne nécessite pas d'explication supplémentaire. Sur la base de travaux en psychologie, Frank Keil soutient que le concept d'être vivant réunit un certain nombre de théories. Le travail de Susan Carey va plus loin : elle défend l'idée que l'on peut dissocier les différentes théories contenues dans la notion d'être vivant ; ces théories ne sont pas véritablement similaires, et dans chaque cas, une théorie peut être mise en avant plutôt que d'autres. Son travail concerne le développement de la notion de vie ; elle montre comment les enfants construisent cette notion par étapes et avec des attentions différentes, de sorte que les très jeunes enfants et les adultes restent normalement incertains quant à savoir si certaines catégories d'êtres sont vivantes ou non.

This paper examines the link between truth and sight, and the implications of this link for our understandings of the concept of evidence. I propose to give an example of precisely how we might attempt to generalize about a phenomenon such as the recurrence of the association between truth and sight without ignoring important anti‐universalist points. In doing this, I hope to give one example of how anthropology, in the original sense of the term, is a still possible enterprise, in spite of the criticisms such an approach has had to face in the last thirty years.RésuméL'auteur examine le lien entre vérité et vision et ses implications pour notre compréhension du concept de preuve. Il propose un exemple de la manière dont nous pourrions tenter de généraliser un phénomène tel que la récurrence de l'association entre vérité et vision, sans négliger d'importants arguments anti‐universalistes. Par la même occasion, l'auteur espère donner un exemple de la façon dont l'anthropologie, au sens originel du terme, est encore une entreprise possible malgré les critiques que cette approche a essuyées au cours des trente dernières années.