Suchergebnisse

During World War II, in 1939–1944, there was a Polish armed resistance movement in Eastern Lithuania, which was called Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in the abstract. In researching the activities of Armia Krajowa (AK) in Eastern Lithuania, not only historiography is valuable, but also surviving documents and memoirs, as well as the Bernardine Fund preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. So far, this Fund does not seem to receive much attention from scientists researching the activities of AK in Lithuania, as well as archives compiled by Poles residing in other countries. Based on the concept of storage medium, the article analyzes the case of the Bernardine Fund in the context of archival research of the Polish diaspora. During the analysis of the documents kept in the Bernardine Fund, it was observed that the said Fund held significant documents that could supplement / replace the existing narrative about Kmicic's AK partisan brigade. Kmicic's AK partisan brigade is noteworthy, as it is the first armed AK unit to launch a consistent armed resistance, but so far there are no separate studies dedicated to the activities of this brigade. The storage medium is the basis of memory communication that gives authenticity to the constructed memory narrative. The Bernardine Fund is a storage medium that originated in the past and reached the present unchanged / slightly changed, and that contains a certain memory narrative about AK. The Bernardine Fund and the documents contained in it are valuable storage media that can help reveal the situation of the residents of Eastern Lithuania during World War II and shed new light on the military activities of AK. In the context of research and preservation of the written heritage of the Polish diaspora, this medium has not yet received the attention of scientists, although the example of the Kmicic's AK brigade proved that this Fund contains documents that reveal hitherto unknown aspects of AK activities. A fact turns into an event only when certain groups draw their attention to it, when they give meaning to it and start talking and writing about it, and it begins to be remembered. All significant events are just someone's creations, created just to justify the present in a way that is convenient for the collective, the political elite, or the heads of state. The case of Kmicic's brigade has proven that no fact is completely lost. If a fact is not currently updated and used, it does not mean that it will be the case all the time. The documents kept in the Fund reflect that during the formation of the historiographical narrative, the collective memory of the said brigade, part of the events was deliberately omitted in order to give integrity to the narrative being formed. ; Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais (1939–1944m.) Rytų Lietuvoje veikė lenkų ginkluotas pasipriešinimo judėjimas, kurį abstrahuojant priimta vadinti Armija Krajova. Tyrinėjant Armijos Krajovos veiklą Rytų Lietuvoje vertinga yra ne tik istoriografija, bet taip pat ir išlikę dokumentai, atsiminimai bei Lietuvos centriniame valstybės archyve saugomas "Bernardinų" fondas. Šis fondas kol kas, atrodo, nesulaukia daug dėmesio iš mokslininkų, tiriančių AK veiklą Lietuvoje, taip pat kaupiančių lenkų, gyvenusių kitose valstybėse, archyvus. Remiantis atminties laikmenos konceptu, straipsnyje analizuojamas "Bernardinų" fondo atvejis lenkų išeivijos archyvinių tyrimų kontekste. Atliekant "Bernardinų" fonde saugomų dokumentų analizę, pastebėta, kad minėtame fonde yra reikšmingų dokumentų, kurie galėtų papildyti / pakeisti esamą naratyvą apie AK Kmicico partizaninę brigadą. AK Kmicico partizaninė brigada verta dėmesio, nes tai yra pirmas ginkluotas AK dalinys, kuris pradėjo nuoseklų ginkluotą pasipriešinimą, bet kol kas nėra atskirų tyrimų, skirtų šios brigados veiklai. Atminties laikmena – tai atminties komunikacijos pagrindas, suteikiantis konstruojamam atminties naratyvui autentiškumo. "Bernardinų" fondas – tai atminties laikmena, kuri atsirado praeityje ir nepakitusi / menkai pakitusi pasiekė dabartį ir kuri savyje saugo tam tikrą atminties naratyvą apie AK. "Bernardinų" fondas ir jame esantys dokumentai – tai vertingos atminties laikmenos, kurios gali padėti atskleisti Rytų Lietuvos gyventojų padėtį Antrojo pasaulinio karo metu, naujai nušviesti karinę AK veiklą. Lenkų išeivijos rašytinio paveldo tyrimų ir išsaugojimo kontekste ši laikmena kol kas nesulaukia mokslininkų dėmesio, nors AK Kmicico brigados pavyzdys įrodė, kad šiame fonde yra dokumentų, kurie atskleidžia iki šiol nežinomus AK veiklos aspektus. Faktas tampa įvykiu tik tuomet, kai tam tikros grupės atkreipia į jį dėmesį, kai suteikia jam reikšmę ir pradeda apie jį kalbėti, rašyti ir jis pradedamas atsiminti. Visi reikšmingi įvykiai tėra kažkieno kūriniai, sukurti tik tam, kad galėtų pagrįsti dabartį taip, kaip tai yra patogu kolektyvui, politiniam elitui arba valstybių vadovams. Kmicico brigados atvejis parodė, kad joks faktas nėra visiškai prarandamas. Jeigu faktas šiuo metu nėra aktualizuotas, naudojamas, tai nereiškia, jog taip bus visą laiką. Fonde saugomi dokumentai rodo, kad formuojant istoriografinį naratyvą, kolektyvinę atmintį apie minėtą brigadą dalis įvykių buvo sąmoningai nutylėti siekiant formuojamam naratyvui suteikti vientisumo.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

During World War II, in 1939–1944, there was a Polish armed resistance movement in Eastern Lithuania, which was called Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in the abstract. In researching the activities of Armia Krajowa (AK) in Eastern Lithuania, not only historiography is valuable, but also surviving documents and memoirs, as well as the Bernardine Fund preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. So far, this Fund does not seem to receive much attention from scientists researching the activities of AK in Lithuania, as well as archives compiled by Poles residing in other countries. Based on the concept of storage medium, the article analyzes the case of the Bernardine Fund in the context of archival research of the Polish diaspora. During the analysis of the documents kept in the Bernardine Fund, it was observed that the said Fund held significant documents that could supplement / replace the existing narrative about Kmicic's AK partisan brigade. Kmicic's AK partisan brigade is noteworthy, as it is the first armed AK unit to launch a consistent armed resistance, but so far there are no separate studies dedicated to the activities of this brigade. The storage medium is the basis of memory communication that gives authenticity to the constructed memory narrative. The Bernardine Fund is a storage medium that originated in the past and reached the present unchanged / slightly changed, and that contains a certain memory narrative about AK. The Bernardine Fund and the documents contained in it are valuable storage media that can help reveal the situation of the residents of Eastern Lithuania during World War II and shed new light on the military activities of AK. In the context of research and preservation of the written heritage of the Polish diaspora, this medium has not yet received the attention of scientists, although the example of the Kmicic's AK brigade proved that this Fund contains documents that reveal hitherto unknown aspects of AK activities. A fact turns into an event only when certain groups draw their attention to it, when they give meaning to it and start talking and writing about it, and it begins to be remembered. All significant events are just someone's creations, created just to justify the present in a way that is convenient for the collective, the political elite, or the heads of state. The case of Kmicic's brigade has proven that no fact is completely lost. If a fact is not currently updated and used, it does not mean that it will be the case all the time. The documents kept in the Fund reflect that during the formation of the historiographical narrative, the collective memory of the said brigade, part of the events was deliberately omitted in order to give integrity to the narrative being formed.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

During World War II, in 1939–1944, there was a Polish armed resistance movement in Eastern Lithuania, which was called Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in the abstract. In researching the activities of Armia Krajowa (AK) in Eastern Lithuania, not only historiography is valuable, but also surviving documents and memoirs, as well as the Bernardine Fund preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. So far, this Fund does not seem to receive much attention from scientists researching the activities of AK in Lithuania, as well as archives compiled by Poles residing in other countries. Based on the concept of storage medium, the article analyzes the case of the Bernardine Fund in the context of archival research of the Polish diaspora. During the analysis of the documents kept in the Bernardine Fund, it was observed that the said Fund held significant documents that could supplement / replace the existing narrative about Kmicic's AK partisan brigade. Kmicic's AK partisan brigade is noteworthy, as it is the first armed AK unit to launch a consistent armed resistance, but so far there are no separate studies dedicated to the activities of this brigade. The storage medium is the basis of memory communication that gives authenticity to the constructed memory narrative. The Bernardine Fund is a storage medium that originated in the past and reached the present unchanged / slightly changed, and that contains a certain memory narrative about AK. The Bernardine Fund and the documents contained in it are valuable storage media that can help reveal the situation of the residents of Eastern Lithuania during World War II and shed new light on the military activities of AK. In the context of research and preservation of the written heritage of the Polish diaspora, this medium has not yet received the attention of scientists, although the example of the Kmicic's AK brigade proved that this Fund contains documents that reveal hitherto unknown aspects of AK activities. A fact turns into an event only when certain groups draw their attention to it, when they give meaning to it and start talking and writing about it, and it begins to be remembered. All significant events are just someone's creations, created just to justify the present in a way that is convenient for the collective, the political elite, or the heads of state. The case of Kmicic's brigade has proven that no fact is completely lost. If a fact is not currently updated and used, it does not mean that it will be the case all the time. The documents kept in the Fund reflect that during the formation of the historiographical narrative, the collective memory of the said brigade, part of the events was deliberately omitted in order to give integrity to the narrative being formed.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

During World War II, in 1939–1944, there was a Polish armed resistance movement in Eastern Lithuania, which was called Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in the abstract. In researching the activities of Armia Krajowa (AK) in Eastern Lithuania, not only historiography is valuable, but also surviving documents and memoirs, as well as the Bernardine Fund preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. So far, this Fund does not seem to receive much attention from scientists researching the activities of AK in Lithuania, as well as archives compiled by Poles residing in other countries. Based on the concept of storage medium, the article analyzes the case of the Bernardine Fund in the context of archival research of the Polish diaspora. During the analysis of the documents kept in the Bernardine Fund, it was observed that the said Fund held significant documents that could supplement / replace the existing narrative about Kmicic's AK partisan brigade. Kmicic's AK partisan brigade is noteworthy, as it is the first armed AK unit to launch a consistent armed resistance, but so far there are no separate studies dedicated to the activities of this brigade. The storage medium is the basis of memory communication that gives authenticity to the constructed memory narrative. The Bernardine Fund is a storage medium that originated in the past and reached the present unchanged / slightly changed, and that contains a certain memory narrative about AK. The Bernardine Fund and the documents contained in it are valuable storage media that can help reveal the situation of the residents of Eastern Lithuania during World War II and shed new light on the military activities of AK. In the context of research and preservation of the written heritage of the Polish diaspora, this medium has not yet received the attention of scientists, although the example of the Kmicic's AK brigade proved that this Fund contains documents that reveal hitherto unknown aspects of AK activities. A fact turns into an event only when certain groups draw their attention to it, when they give meaning to it and start talking and writing about it, and it begins to be remembered. All significant events are just someone's creations, created just to justify the present in a way that is convenient for the collective, the political elite, or the heads of state. The case of Kmicic's brigade has proven that no fact is completely lost. If a fact is not currently updated and used, it does not mean that it will be the case all the time. The documents kept in the Fund reflect that during the formation of the historiographical narrative, the collective memory of the said brigade, part of the events was deliberately omitted in order to give integrity to the narrative being formed.

During World War II, in 1939–1944, there was a Polish armed resistance movement in Eastern Lithuania, which was called Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in the abstract. In researching the activities of Armia Krajowa (AK) in Eastern Lithuania, not only historiography is valuable, but also surviving documents and memoirs, as well as the Bernardine Fund preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. So far, this Fund does not seem to receive much attention from scientists researching the activities of AK in Lithuania, as well as archives compiled by Poles residing in other countries. Based on the concept of storage medium, the article analyzes the case of the Bernardine Fund in the context of archival research of the Polish diaspora. During the analysis of the documents kept in the Bernardine Fund, it was observed that the said Fund held significant documents that could supplement / replace the existing narrative about Kmicic's AK partisan brigade. Kmicic's AK partisan brigade is noteworthy, as it is the first armed AK unit to launch a consistent armed resistance, but so far there are no separate studies dedicated to the activities of this brigade. The storage medium is the basis of memory communication that gives authenticity to the constructed memory narrative. The Bernardine Fund is a storage medium that originated in the past and reached the present unchanged / slightly changed, and that contains a certain memory narrative about AK. The Bernardine Fund and the documents contained in it are valuable storage media that can help reveal the situation of the residents of Eastern Lithuania during World War II and shed new light on the military activities of AK. In the context of research and preservation of the written heritage of the Polish diaspora, this medium has not yet received the attention of scientists, although the example of the Kmicic's AK brigade proved that this Fund contains documents that reveal hitherto unknown aspects of AK activities. A fact turns into an event only when certain groups draw their attention to it, when they give meaning to it and start talking and writing about it, and it begins to be remembered. All significant events are just someone's creations, created just to justify the present in a way that is convenient for the collective, the political elite, or the heads of state. The case of Kmicic's brigade has proven that no fact is completely lost. If a fact is not currently updated and used, it does not mean that it will be the case all the time. The documents kept in the Fund reflect that during the formation of the historiographical narrative, the collective memory of the said brigade, part of the events was deliberately omitted in order to give integrity to the narrative being formed.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

The dissertation "Communicative Significance of the Media and Memory Drives in Forming the Collective Memory of Armia Krajowa in the Middle of the 20th Century" aims at researching the role of memory drives and the media in the construction and dissemination of collective memory and at identifying the communicative factors that predetermined the construction and change in the collective memory of Armia Krajowa in the middle of the 20th century. The dissertation relies on the assumption that public memory may be open to different collective memories which share similar narratives. This approach draws upon the theory of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. The pluralism of public memory may be ensured by including into the process of its construction memory drives, which are associated with collective memories which have the narrative and communicate the values identical to public memory. The media use memory drives for the authenticity of the memory narrative constructed. Memory drives mean independent communication channels which are integrated in the narrative created by the media and which acquire new meaning due to the interpretative capacity of the media. The narrative of collective memory of Armia Krajowa was based on the propaganda disseminated by the AK Information and Propaganda Office, however, the narrative created was not reinforced by media drives. For this reason, the collective memory narrative on AK changes under the influence of the new media today, gets reduced to the events of the summer of 1944. This has been influenced by the new media which communicated the narrative about the military operations of the summer of 1944.

The issues of Lithuanian statehood and Vilnius national dependence in Vilnius County Armija Krajova documents have been researched in this master thesis. The aim of the thesis was to reveal the views of Armija Krajova' management on the Lithuanian statehood and the desire to preserve Vilnius as a part of Lithuania. In order to achieve this goal the following tasks have been foreseen: to illuminate Lithuanian and Polish intergovernmental relations since March 1938 until September 1939; to research the knowledge of Polish underground about the occupied Lithuania and to determine the Armija Krajova' management's approach to the Lithuanian nation and its deputies' action in occupation time; to analyze Armija Krajova' management's policy in respect of Lithuanian statehood and territory, and analizing the studied documents to estimate the foreseen former political fate of Vilnius region after World War II.

The issues of Lithuanian statehood and Vilnius national dependence in Vilnius County Armija Krajova documents have been researched in this master thesis. The aim of the thesis was to reveal the views of Armija Krajova' management on the Lithuanian statehood and the desire to preserve Vilnius as a part of Lithuania. In order to achieve this goal the following tasks have been foreseen: to illuminate Lithuanian and Polish intergovernmental relations since March 1938 until September 1939; to research the knowledge of Polish underground about the occupied Lithuania and to determine the Armija Krajova' management's approach to the Lithuanian nation and its deputies' action in occupation time; to analyze Armija Krajova' management's policy in respect of Lithuanian statehood and territory, and analizing the studied documents to estimate the foreseen former political fate of Vilnius region after World War II.