Suchergebnisse

This article presents a conceptual and methodological development for the analysis of the ethnic economies of the historical helmets of European cities. In addition, the first results of its application to the study of the Lavapiés area, in the old town of Madrid, are briefly published. But the very interesting urban ethnic economy is not unleashed to the first attempt. This is why authors promise future publications on the same subject and place. ; Peer reviewed ; This article presents a conceptual and methodological development for the analysis of the ethnic economies of the historical helmets of European cities. In addition, the first results of its application to the study of the Lavapiés area, in the old town of Madrid, are briefly published. But the very interesting urban ethnic economy is not unleashed to the first attempt. This is why authors promise future publications on the same subject and place. ; En este artículo se presenta un desarrollo conceptual y metodológico para el análisis de las economías étnicas de los cascos históricos de las ciudades europeas. Además, de manera sucinta se publican los primeros resultados de su aplicación al estudio de la zona de Lavapiés, en el casco antiguo de la ciudad de Madrid. Pero la economía étnica urbana, tan interesante, no se desvela a la primera intentona. Por ello, los autores prometen futuras publicaciones sobre el mismo tema y lugar.

18 páginas, 5 figuras, 3 tablas. ; [ES] Tras una extensa introducción para enmarcar el fenómeno descrito, el artículo aborda el problema de las fuentes estadísticas para el estudio de los procesos migratorios internacionales, la incidencia de la inmigración actual en la dinámica demográfica europea, los aspectos más sobresalientes de los nuevos mercados de trabajo y las líneas previsibles de la política migratoria de la Unión Europea a corto y medio plazo. El artículo refleja la importancia relativa de la inmigración española en lo que va de siglo XXI, cuando se compara con la de otros países occidentales. ; [EN] After a long introduction on the subject, the paper deals with the problem related with the use of statistical sources when looking at international migrations. Secondly, it addresses the interaction between migration patterns and demographic dynamics in Western Europe. Next, the article looks into the labor markets in current western societies and the role of immigrants therein. Finally, the main features of immigration policies in the EU countries are discussed. The rising importance of immigration in Spain is clearly underlined. ; Peer reviewed

[Es] En 1997 los países de la Unión Europea tenían 370 millones de habitantes y 18 millones de residentes extranjeros, es decir, un 4,8% de la población total. Diez años más tarde, el número de extranjeros que viven en ese ámbito pasa de los 25 millones, lo que significa, aproximadamente, el 5% de la población total de la Unión Europea. En términos absolutos, los países con mayor número de residentes extranjeros son Alemania (7,2 millones), España (4,6 millones), Francia (3,5 millones), El Reino Unido (3 millones) e Italia (2,4 millones). En ningún país de la Unión Europea25 ha disminuido la población residente extranjera en el periodo 1990-2007, con la excepción de Letonia. En algunos países el crecimiento de los residentes extranjeros ha sido espectacular: El ascenso español ha sido impresionante, pasando del noveno al segundo puesto de los países de la UE en términos absolutos, después de Alemania. En este artículo se describe, grosso modo, este proceso inmigratorio y se analizan sus causas y sus principales efectos en el futuro de la cultura y civilización europeas. ; [EN] There were 370 million people within the European Union in 1997. Among them, 18 million were foreigners, roughly the 4.8% of the total population. Ten years later, there are 25 million foreigners in the EU (i.e. 5% of the aggregate population in the domain). These foreigners are settled mainly in five specific countries: Germany (7.2 million), Spain (4.6), France (3.5), UK (3) and Italy (2.4). For the period 1990-2007, with the only exception of Latvia, every European country has seen its foreign population steadily growing. In some countries the growth has been breathtaking. That is the case of Spain which ended the period second, after Germany. In this paper we describe, grosso modo, this immigration process, its main factors, and the consequences for the European population and culture. ; Peer reviewed

[ES] También en el Magreb se produce una fuga de cerebros hacia países más desarrollados. En este artículo analizamos la componente europea de ese flujo; más concretamente, el establecimiento de graduados magrebíes en la Unión Europea y, más específicamente, en Francia. Utilizamos como indicadores las estadísticas que la UNESCO y EUROSTAT publican sobre estudiantes extranjeros universitarios en los países de la Unión Europea. Por encima de la media mundial, el Magreb destaca por su proporción de estudiantes en el extranjero sobre total de población estudiantil. Esta situación desemboca en una pérdida considerable de cápital humano magrebí, por el establecimiento de muchos de sus graduados universitarios en los países desarrollados donde cursa sus estudios superiores. En el artículo se analizan también las ventajas de este tipo de situaciones para los países de origen, que se benefician del establecimiento de redes transnacionales de individuos muy capacitados. El punto de vista del análisis es dual, a la vez europeo y norteafricano, subrayando claramente las diferencias que existen entre los dos, más allá de un consenso banal. ; [EN] This paper addresses the "brain drain" side of the contemporary migration of peoples from the Magreb region to the European Union and, more specifically to France. The measurement device is the documentation published by UNESCO and EUROSTAT on foreign college level students in EU countries. Magreb countries are well above the world average in terms of university students abroad over total university students. This fact has both positive and negative consequences for the socioeconomic development of the sending countries. The paper analyses several of them, focusing on the advantages of transnational networks. The analysis is taken from a dual point of view, European and North African as well. Discrepancies are not erased, since the authors believe that there is not overall consensus on the outcomes of the "brain drain" process that is taking place since several decades by now. ; [FR] On parle d'une manière péjorative de "la fuite des cerveaux» de «brain drain", mais il y a eu une évolution dans la conception de la mobilité des compétences, à tel point que de nos jours on insiste plus sur le "brain gain" (gain de compétences), basé sur l'idée que la population qualifié expatriée peut être considérée comme un avantage potentiel plutôt qu'une perte définitive. C'est ce phénomène qu'on étude dans cet article regardant le cas du Magreb et l'Union Européenne. Le point de vue est duel: Nord Africain et Européen. On na pas voulu arriver à un consensus qui n'existe pas pour le moment. ; Peer reviewed

[ES] The intensification of international migration flows has now led to multiple reflections on what a correct national migration policy might be. In addition to this trend, in this article we express some considerations on the ethical implications of migration policies. Our starting point is the analysis of two concepts with preferably divergent significance. We refer to the terms 'solidarity and citizenship', the functioning and meaning of which in the 'politically correct' narrative — indefinite and indefinite — we study. The different models of state in the 'western world' are discussed below. This facilitates the understanding of the cultural political factors of international migration, which we discuss in the last section. ; Peer reviewed ; [ES] The intensification of international migration flows has now led to multiple reflections on what a correct national migration policy might be. In addition to this trend, in this article we express some considerations on the ethical implications of migration policies. Our starting point is the analysis of two concepts with preferably divergent significance. We refer to the terms 'solidarity and citizenship', the functioning and meaning of which in the 'politically correct' narrative — indefinite and indefinite — we study. The different models of state in the 'western world' are discussed below. This facilitates the understanding of the cultural political factors of international migration, which we discuss in the last section. ; [EN] The intensification of international migratory flows in recent years has provoked much thinking as to what might be an appropriate national migratory policy. Following this tendency, in this article we present several considerations relating to the ethical implications of migratory policies. Our point of departure for this discussion consists in the analysis of two concepts, which we believe differ in meaning. We refer to the terms solidarity and citizenship, whose function and meaning in "politically correct" discourse (undefined and ...

[EN] The intensification of international migratory flows in recent years has provoked much thinking as to what might be an appropriate national migratory policy. Following this tendency, in this article we present several considerations relating to the ethical implications of migratory policies. Our point of departure for this discussion consists in the analysis of two concepts, which we believe differ in meaning. We refer to the terms solidarity and citizenship, whose function and meaning in "politically correct" discourse (undefined and undefinable) we study in this article. Following this we deal with the different models of the state in the Western world. In this way the understanding of the cultural and political factors of international migration which we analyse in the final section of the article is made easier. ; [ES] La intensificación de los flujos migratorios internacionales ha provocado, en la actualidad, múltiples reflexiones sobre cuál pueda ser una política migratoria nacional correcta. Sumándonos a esa tendencia, en este artículo expresamos algunas consideraciones sobre las implicaciones éticas de las políticas migratorias. Nuestro punto de partida lo constituye el análisis de dos conceptos con significación preferentemente divergente. Nos referimos a los términos solidaridad y ciudadanía, cuyo funcionamiento y sentido en el discurso "políticamente correcto" -indefinido e indefinible- estudiamos. A continuación tratamos los diferentes modelos de Estado en el "mundo occidental". Se facilita así la comprensión de los factores político culturales de las migraciones internacionales, que analizamos en la última sección. ; Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed ; International migrations caused by socio-economic and demographic reasons, especially from underdeveloped countries to the rich and prosperous areas of the globe are discussed with the focus on Western Europe and particularly on Maghrebi immigration to Spain. Emigration of the people from a backward region even increases the deterioration of [the] local economy, provoking stagnation and inflation. Therefore emigration only can not be seen as an economic take-off for sustained economic development over the frontier areas between developed and depressed territories. Related social questions as well as economic, religious and political may add factors affecting the structural balance of the societies concerned.

International migrations caused by socio-economic and demographic reasons, especially from underdeveloped countries to the rich and prosperous areas of the globe are discussed with the focus on Western Europe and particularly on Maghrebi immigration to Spain. Emigration of the people from a backward region even increases the deterioration of [the] local economy, provoking stagnation and inflation. Therefore emigration only can not be seen as an economic take-off for sustained economic development over the frontier areas between developed and depressed territories. Related social questions as well as economic, religious and political may add factors affecting the structural balance of the societies concerned. ; Peer reviewed