Suchergebnisse

"Für Unterfangen mit globalen Auswirkungen braucht es internationale Regeln. Die bestehenden reichen für die Governance von Geo-Engineering nicht aus. Deshalb muss die Staatengemeinschaft einen multilateralen Rahmen schaffen der die Großtechnologie legitimiert und politische Konflikte verhindert." (Autorenreferat)

Der Forschungsbericht untersucht mit einer juristischen Analyse, ob und inwiefern das deutsche Recht geeignet ist, das nachhaltige Entwicklungsziel einer "land degradation-neutral world" (LDN) bis 2030 zu erreichen, und macht Verbesserungsvorschläge. Außerdem bereitet das Projekt die Ergebnisse so auf, dass sie als "lessons learned" im internationalen Austausch Anregungen und Impulse für andere Staaten geben können. Das Projekt arbeitet die konzeptionellen Elemente von LDN heraus und bewertet das deutsche Recht entsprechend. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich dabei auf Erosion durch Landwirtschaft in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Versiegelung durch Siedlung und Kontamination durch Industrie.

This study develops options for the German government to improve international soil governance in the short, medium and long term. The study first takes stock of existing international instruments and institutions that are relevant for soil protection and its governance at the international level. It assesses the actual and potential steering effect of, inter alia, the Desertification Convention, the Biodiversity Convention, the Paris Agreement and climate regime, regional treaties, FAO, UNEP, IPBES and IPCC. At present, the Sustainable Development Goals and in particular the "land degradation neutrality" target have established a global political reference point. But there are almost no binding obligations for all states specifically regarding soil. Current governance of soil at the international level is piecemeal and spread over parts of different mandates. There is significant overlap of mandates and activities of relevant institutions, each of which has limitations. While a certain degree of a rudimentary division of labour is emerging, there is scope and a need for improvement. The study develops options for improving international soil governance with regard to overarching issues, new treaty or institutions, improving existing governance, means of implementation and enhancing co-ordination and coherence.

Based on a stocktake of existing governance, we present options to improve international governance of resource efficiency (RE) in the short, medium and long term. The study provides a legal and political science perspective to anchoring RE more strongly at the international level. We assess how public international law and other international governance mechanisms could be used more effectively to increase RE and reduce resource consumption along the value chain. The scope includes abiotic resources such as metals, sand, gravel, potassium salts, quartz sand, and fossil raw materials. Our stocktake of existing international governance provides a mixed picture: RE is on the international agenda, but it is hardly addressed by clear guidance or binding standards. Political initiatives and non-binding mechanisms mostly use recommendations and high-level political statements with strategic priorities. Non-state governance approaches include mainly reporting and other information and management tools regarding products and production processes. The second part develops policy options and recommendations to strengthen international governance of resource efficiency. While the existing non-binding processes and mechanisms such as in the G20 could be strengthened, binding options could show a new level of commitment and also better contribute to more certainty and a level playing field. Mid- to long-term, the existing political support for RE might be increased and translated into a potential treaty framework. The annex includes an outline for a framework treaty text on resource efficiency.

2015 was a watershed year for addressing global challenges. Under the umbrella of the United Nations, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction were adopted. Six years after their adoption, implementation of these post-2015 agendas lags behind in many aspects, raising the need for exploring pathways that enhance their effective implementation. One way forward is working towards identifying and using synergies between them. The underlying policy fields of climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and sustainable development are linked through a common emphasis on reducing vulnerabilities. Operational and policy instruments are available to realize synergies at the implementation level. Nevertheless, a lack of institutional capacities, policy-making in silos instead of cross-sectoral coordination and insufficient funding are just some of the barriers hindering coherent policies in practice. This report introduces the concept of Sustainable Adaptation Pathways (SAPs) that can act as guidance when planning and implementing integrated policies that aim to foster sustainable adaptation measures. SAPs describe a coherent set of alternative adaptation strategies and procedures composed of measures and policies to strengthen the capacities of populations, institutions and ecosystems to adapt to climate-related risks over time while enhancing the social justice, environmental integrity and economic sustainability of socio-ecological systems. Case studies are used to illustrate specific aspects of applying the concept in practice. In addition, practical recommendations for implementing SAPs are derived, taking into account both enabling contextual factors and lock-in effects.

Deutschland erreicht bisher die verschiedenen Ziele der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie nicht. Neben den fehlenden finanziellen, personellen und organisatorischen Voraussetzungen ist hierfür, so die der Studie zugrundeliegende These, auch die fehlende Integration von Belangen des Gewässerschutzes in andere Rechtsbereiche jenseits des Wasserrechts ein Grund. Die Studie wurde in mehreren Phasen erstellt: Nach einem Screening verschiedener Rechtsbereiche und Rechtsnormen und deren Potenzial für die Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie wurden Schwerpunktthemen für eine vertiefte Analyse ausgewählt. Die Schwerpunktthemen stammen aus dem Immissionsschutzrecht (Regulierung von Quecksilberemissionen aus Kohlekraftwerken), dem Naturschutzrecht (Gewässerrenaturierung als naturschutzrechtlicher Eingriff und trotz der Verbote des speziellen Artenschutzes), dem Humanarzneimittelrecht (Gewässerschutz im Zulassungsverfahren für Humanarzneimittel verstärken), dem Pflanzenschutzrecht (Eintrag von Pflanzenschutzmittel in Gewässer reduzieren), dem Planungsrecht (Gewässerentwicklung in der Fachplanung sowie der Raumordnung und Bauleitplanung), dem Energierecht (Förderung von Wasserkraftwerken anhand gewässerökologischer Kriterien) sowie dem Agrarrecht (Defizite in der Struktur der Agrarförderung). Für einzelne dieser Schwerpunktthemen wurden Handlungsoptionen entwickelt und ausgearbeitet.