Suchergebnisse

This research was undertaken in the pastoral areas of southern Ethiopia with the objective of assessing determinants of cattle commercial off-take along with the cultural values. The required data was generated from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data was generated through a formal survey using pretested questionnaire from 160 randomly selected pastoralists and through group and key informant discussion with cattle traders. In order to identify factors determining the pastoralists' behaviour towards participation in cattle markets and the net commercial position (selling, autarky, and buying) of households, multinomial logit model was used. Age of the household head, education level, income from livestock products, off-take for social purposes, the number of regular clients and having access to market information have a significant effect on the likelihood of choosing the selling position. Cattle market price, and mode of payment/credit have significant effect on the probability of choosing the buying position while off-take for social purposes and number of regular clients have significant effect on probability of choosing the autarky position. Therefore policies that would improve the net commercial off-take by establishing markets and production and/or marketing facilities, and creating awareness regarding some traditional practices such as raiding and sacrificing would alleviate the problem.

Ethiopia experiences a fierce political debate about the appropriate land tenure policy. After the fall of the socialist derg regime in 1991, land property rights have remained vested in the state and only usufruct rights have been alienated to farmers – to the disappointment of international donor agencies. This has nurtured an antagonistic debate between advocates of the privatization of land property rights to individual plot holders and those supporting the government's position. This debate, however, fails to account for the diversity and continuities in Ethiopian land tenure systems. This paper reviews the changing bundles of rights farmers have held during various political regimes in Ethiopia, the imperial, the derg and the current one, at different times and places. Our analysis indicates the marked differences in tenure arrangements after the fall of the empire, but identifies some commonalities in land tenure regimes as well, in particular between the traditional rist system and the current tenure system. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CAPRi ; EPTD

AbstractDeveloping a clear understanding of the links between poverty and natural resources degradation remained a vital task in the poverty reduction and sustainable resources conservation process. Accordingly, this paper explores the poverty and natural resources degradation linkages in Lake Tana Basin of Ethiopia. With the application of simultaneous order probit econometric model, this paper argues that a one‐sided argument of poverty that causes natural resources degradation is challenged, as poverty not only contributes to natural resources degradation but also natural resources degradation contributes to poverty along with other factors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

"It is often argued that environmental scarcity was a trigger and source of violent conflict, in particular in African countries. At the root of such arguments is a simple environmental determinism, which understands scarcity as undermining co-operative relationships between competing resource users. Robert Kaplan popularised this thesis in his argument about 'The Coming Anarchy', where he interpreted recent civil wars in Africa as an advent of a fundamental environmental crisis. In our view, this conception disregards the crucial role of local-level institutions in governing competing resource claims. In this paper, we present a case study from the violence-prone Somali Region, Ethiopia. We analyse how agro-pastoralist communities develop sharing arrangements on pasture resources with intruding pastoralist communities in drought years, even though this places additional pressure on their grazing resource. A household survey investigates the determinants for different households in the agro-pastoralist community, asset-poor and wealthy ones, to enter into different types of sharing arrangements. Our findings suggest that resource sharing offers asset-poor households opportunities to stabilise and enhance their asset-base in drought years, providing incentives for co-operative rather than conflictive relations with intruding pastoralists. We conclude that it may depend on potential incentives arising from institutional arrangements, whether competing resource claims in periods of environmental scarcity are resolved peacefully or violently." (author's abstract)