Suchergebnisse

Prologue: The typewriter that talked back -- A very offensive election -- How the web was lost -- The panic -- Plausible deniability -- Deleted -- Robot censors -- Human censors -- The world's most dangerous company -- Censorship kills the YouTube star -- The defamation engine -- The world wide honeypot -- The "free speech wing of the free speech party" -- When Facebook kills your business -- When Silicon Valley met Washington -- "Just build your own" -- Epilogue: The typewriter that did as it was told.

An overview of child trafficking in the UK explores the nature and methods of this abuse, as well as the treatment and protection afforded to these particularly vulnerable children. It highlights the shortcomings and inconsistent standards of local authorities, the lack of specialist protection and the uncertainty of a trafficked child's immigration status, combining to make these children vulnerable to further harm and at risk from the influence of their traffickers. A stark consequence of this has been the disappearance without trace of many children from local authority care and the mental health issues of trafficked children going undetected and untreated. For the sake of clarity some of the terms used in this paper are defined as: (i) child: the definition of a child is of someone up to 18 years of age as set down by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 and UK legislation including the Children Act, 1989 and 2004. (ii) separated child: this term is used instead of 'unaccompanied asylum‐seeking minor/child'. A separated child is one separated from her/his parents or primary guardian. This definition is more useful because not all trafficked children who seek asylum are unaccompanied on arrival and not all trafficked children apply for asylum.

THE NEGOTIATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN FOLLOWING THE INTRODUCTION OF SOVIET TROOPS DURING A MILITARY COUP IN 1978 WERE PURSUED ALONG TWO TRACKS. THE FIRST CONSISTED OF SPORADIC NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE SOVIET-SUPPORTED AFGHAN GOVERNMENT AND SEVERAL MUJAHIDIN RESISTANCE GROUPS. TO DATE, THESE TALKS HAVE NOT REACHED FRUITION. THE SECOND TRACK CONSISTED OF NEGOTIATIONS OFFICIALLY CONDUCTED BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN (IN REALITY, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION) OVER THE WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS. THESE NEGOTIATIONS WERE CONDUCTED OVER A SEVEN-YEAR PERIOD UNDER U.N. MEDIATION. THE RESULT WAS THE GENEVA ACCORD OF APRIL 1988, WHICH PROVIDED FOR THE WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS AND THE TERMINATION OF ARMS SUPPLIES BY THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION, DEPENDENT UPON BOTH SIDES' COMPLIANCE. THE SUCCESS IN THE INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE EXISTENCE OF A RIPE MOMENT AND THE SKILL OF THE U.N. MEDIATION, TWO ELEMENTS MISSING IN THE INTERNAL NEGOTIATIONS.

PurposeSystem usage and user satisfaction are widely accepted and used as surrogate measures of IS success. Past studies attempted to explore the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction but findings are mixed, inconclusive and misleading. The main objective of this research is to better understand and explain the nature and strength of the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction by resolving the existing inconsistencies in the IS research and to validate this relationship empirically as defined in Delone and McLean's IS success model.Design/methodology/approach"Meta‐analysis" as a research approach was adopted because of its suitability regarding the nature of the research and its capability of dealing with exploring relationships that may be obscured in other approaches to synthesize research findings. Meta‐analysis findings contributed towards better explaining the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction, the main objectives of this research.FindingsThis research examines critically the past findings and resolves the existing inconsistencies. The meta‐analysis findings explain that there exists a significant positive relationship between "system usage" and "user satisfaction" (i.e. r=0.2555) although not very strong. This research empirically validates this relationship that has already been proposed by Delone and McLean in their IS success model. Provides a guide for future research to explore the mediating variables that might affect the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction.Originality/valueThis research better explains the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction by resolving contradictory findings in the past research and contributes to the existing body of knowledge relating to IS success.

The negotiations in Afghanistan following the introduction of Soviet troops during a military coup in 1978 were pursued along two tracks. The first consisted of sporadic negotiations between the Soviet-supported Afghan government and several mujahidin resistance groups. To date, these talks have not reached fruition. The second track consisted of negotiations officially conducted between Pakistan and Afghanistan, but in reality between the United States and the Soviet Union over the withdrawal of Soviet troops. The negotiations were conducted in Geneva and in the region over a seven-year period under U.N. mediation. The result was the Geneva Accord of 14 April 1988; the agreement provided for the withdrawal of Soviet troops and the termination of arms supplies by the United States and the Soviet Union, which was dependent upon both sides' observation. The success in the international negotiations can be attributed to the existence of a ripe moment and the skill of the U.N. mediation, neither of which elements are present in the internal negotiations.