Suchergebnisse

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. ; This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. ; Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) contains gold in low but from an environmental and economic point of view relevant concentration. After collection, WEEE is pre-processed in order to generate appropriate material fractions that are sent to the subsequent end-processing stages (recovery, reuse or disposal). The goal of this research is to quantify the overall recovery rates of pre-processing technologies used in Germany for the reference year 2007. To achieve this goal, facilities operating in Germany were listed and classified according to the technology they apply. Information on their processing capacity was gathered by evaluating statistical databases. Based on a literature review of experimental results for gold recovery rates of different pre-processing technologies, the German overall recovery rate of gold at the pre-processing level was quantified depending on the characteristics of the treated WEEE. The results reveal that — depending on the equipment groups — pre-processing recovery rates of gold of 29 to 61% are achieved in Germany. Some practical recommendations to reduce the losses during pre-processing could be formulated. Defining mass-based recovery targets in the legislation does not set incentives to recover trace elements. Instead, the priorities for recycling could be defined based on other parameters like the environmental impacts of the materials. The implementation of measures to reduce the gold losses would also improve the recovery of several other non-ferrous metals like tin, nickel, and palladium.

In its brochure "Protecting natural resources by creating material cycles in the construction sector ", the Commission for Sustainable Construction Agency (KNBau) explains how material cycles in the construction sector can be better implemented. The KNBau identifies two fields of action: the recovery of secondary raw materials from existing structures and the planning of resource-conserving structures recyclable in the future. Among other things, it recommends to the public sector how to achieve high recycling rates for construction and demolition waste - by supporting innovative technologies and by promoting the acceptance among construction specialists, e.g. through further training courses.

With this strategic research agenda, UBA identifies future research priorities for the development of urban areas which are based on environmental quality goals. Interfaces between disciplines and knowledge gaps in environmentally-oriented, socially responsible and health-promoting urban development are identified.

Urban Mining has been on everyone's lips for some years, being the quasi-mining of raw materials in urban areas both in cities and communities. Urban Mining requires more and better guidelines and a far-sighted strategy for material flow management. A management concept including a prospective knowledge and decision base for the secondary raw material industry and for local governments is needed. Through this brochure, the German Environment Agency wishes to convey a common understanding of Urban Mining and to encourage its steady progress by using this strategic approach.

In der Wissenschaft seit Jahren bekannt, hat sich das Urban Mining-Konzept zu einem Modewort entwickelt. Es beschreibt die quasi bergmännische Rohstoffgewinnung im urbanen Raum - in der Stadt wie auch in der Kommune. Das Umweltbundesamt will mit dieser Broschüre ein gemeinsames Verständnis zum Urban Mining vermitteln und dazu ermutigen, mit diesem Strategieansatz konsequent voranzuschreiten.

A lot of data is needed for life cycle assessments of buildings. Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) according to EN 15804 can be used as a data basis – at least for the construction products used and the technical systems installed and for the transports, processes on the construction site, supply and disposal processes. EPD record the energy and material flows and describe the associated effects on the global environment. In the past, EPDs generally covered the production phase, including preliminary stages, with the system limit "cradle to gate" (module A in the logic of EN 15804). However, this is not enough to meet today's ecological challenges and new regulatory requirements. EPDs covering the entire product life cycle "from cradle to grave" (or modules A to D) are required. On the one hand, this guideline contains a system for the preparation of so-called End-of-Life Declarations, i.e. only for modules C and D, by actors responsible for these processes. On the other hand it describes how this information can be integrated into EPDs of construction product manufacturers. The aim is to provide realistic and comparable LCA data for the end of product life and building balance sheets.

Für Ökobilanzen von Gebäuden werden viele Daten benötigt. Zu den eingesetzten Bauprodukten, haustechnischen Systemen und zu den Transport-, Baustellen-, Ver- und Entsorgungsprozessen können als Datengrundlage Umweltproduktdeklarationen nach EN 15804 herangezogen werden (Environmental Product Declarations, EPDs). Sie erfassen die Energie- und Stoffströme und beschreiben die damit verknüpften Wirkungen auf die globale Umwelt. In der Vergangenheit deckten EPDs in der Regel die Phase der Herstellung inkl. Vorstufen mit der Systemgrenze "cradle to gate – frei Werktor" ab (Modul A in der Logik der EN 15804). Dies reicht jedoch nicht aus, um den heutigen ökologischen Herausforderungen und neuen regulatorischen Vorgaben gerecht zu werden. Es werden EPDs, die den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus "von der Wiege bis zur Bahre" (respektive Module A bis D) abdecken, benötigt. Dieser Leitfaden enthält zum einen eine Systematik für die Erstellung von sogenannten End-of-Life Deklarationen, also nur für die Module C und D, durch Akteure, die diese Prozesse verantworten. Zum anderen beschreibt er, wie diese Informationen in EPDs der Bauprodukthersteller integriert werden können. Ziel ist es, dadurch realistische und vergleichbare Ökobilanzdaten für das Produktlebensende und die Gebäudebilanzierung zur Verfügung zu stellen.

Der vorgelegte Bericht dokumentiert den Verlauf des REFOPLAN-Projekts "Ressourcenschonende Bauwerke – EPD für Bauprodukte: Rückbau- und Recyclinginformationen (Modul C und D) sowie Schadstoffangaben". Ziel des Projekts war es, einen Leitfaden für die europäische Bauproduktnormung zu erstellen. Er soll die Gremien für die Normung von Bauprodukten (Product TCs, Technical Committees) dabei unterstützen, Vorgaben für Umweltproduktdeklarationen (EPD) nach EN 15804 zu entwickeln, die auch das Ende des Lebenszyklus der Produkte (Module C und D gemäß o.g. Norm) betrachten.