Suchergebnisse

The race to create local cloud solutions has become a constant in the digital development programs of member States. Italy is promoting the establishment of the so-called "national cloud", and Germany and France have been working for some time on the Gaia-X project. At European level, the development of cloud computing is taking a strategic role, at least for the immediate future. The declared objective is to free us from solutions that today are almost entirely dependent on infrastructures made available by international providers. Contributing to the debate - more by superimposition than composition - there are broadly geopolitical motivations, aspirations to global technological predominance and concerns associated with personal data protection for third party interference due to the extraterritorial application of foreign legislation. The recent "Schrems II" ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union, and previously, but with less impact in the broader public, the results of the joint EDPB (European Data Protection Board)-EDPS (European Data Protection Supervisor) study on the United States' Cloud Act, have forced the question of the international acquisition of personal data flows (and non-personal, we may add) and the associated assurances. This paper intends to offer an analysis of the subject, aimed above all at unravelling the multiple levels of the questions raised, which touch not only on legal but on political matters and give an initial, reasoned census of the various bodies of applicable law. Above and beyond hard-hitting declarations, we need to determine to what point the independence of a local European cloud is effectively possible or desirable compared to non-EU providers and, in more concrete terms, to what point an autonomous solution is economically and technically practicable in terms of services that are essential for the States, and that enable the exercise of other fundamental rights and freedoms, for individuals, and therefore must not be susceptible to impairment or ...

Mentre il modello statico ex ante, come quello ideato da Apple con le Privacy Nutrition Labels, resta ancorato a dinamiche tradizionali di somministrazione delle informazioni (sebbene tradotte in forma creativa e innovativa) e rischia di comportare anche effetti collaterali sulla libera iniziativa economica e sulla libertà di espressione degli sviluppatori, l'approccio dinamico ex post che contraddistingue le politiche di altri operatori sembra rappresentare più nitidamente il futuro della privacy. La nostra proposta è quella di orientare le potenzialità dell'utilizzo di algoritmi, a maggior ragione se sviluppati in forma intelligente, verso scopi diversi rispetto a quelli tipicamente commerciali o statistici, rendendo possibile una profilazione personalizzata degli interessati pro-privacy, una sorta di behavioural targeting inteso a favorire una maggiore omogeneità dell'esperienza di navigazione dei diversi luoghi virtuali frequentati dagli internauti. Così, per esempio, se il sito x riscontra un'opposizione al trattamento, questa viene riproposta anche nel sito y allo scopo di garantire che l'esperienza risulti effettivamente e organicamente aderente alle preferenze privacy espresse dall'interessato. Potremmo definire questo genere di iniziative come Privacy Dynamic Targeting: app e website "seguono" o, meglio, "accompagnano" dinamicamente l'interessato, ne studiano il comportamento e ne registrano le scelte (anche) con lo scopo di assicurare uniformemente, in ciascuno degli scenari digitali frequentati, la sua autodeterminazione informativa. L'effetto che ne risulterebbe in tali casi sarebbe quello di una personalizzazione sistematica e coerente dell'esperienza informativa-privacy a favore degli interessati. Il Privacy Dynamic Targeting, sfruttando gli algoritmi come antidoto agli algoritmi, darebbe luogo a un trattamento di dati personali che ben potrebbe rinvenire il suo fondamento nell'interesse legittimo del titolare e degli stessi terzi interessati ai sensi dell'art. 6, par. 1, lett. f) del GDPR. La ...

During the last decade vessel-position-recording devices, such as the Vessel Monitoring System and the Automatic Identification System, have increasingly given accurate spatial and quantitative information of industrial fisheries. On the other hand, small-scale fisheries (vessels below 12 m) remain untracked and largely unregulated even though they play an important socio-economic and cultural role in European waters and coastal communities and account for most of the total EU fishing fleet. The typically low-technological capacity of these small-scale fishing boats—for which space and power onboard are often limited—as well their reduced operative range encourage the development of efficient, low-cost, and low-burden tracking solutions. In this context, we designed a cost-effective and scalable prototypic architecture to gather and process positional data from small-scale vessels, making use of a LoRaWAN/cellular network. Data collected by our first installation are presented, as well as its preliminary processing. The emergence of a such low-cost and open-source technology coupled to artificial intelligence could open new opportunities for equipping small-scale vessels, collecting their trajectory data, and estimating their fishing effort (information which has historically not been present). It enables a new monitoring strategy that could effectively include small-scale fleets and support the design of new policies oriented to inform coastal resource and fisheries management.

The dataset presented in this article contains information about marine Area-Based Management Tools (ABMTs) used to assess their contribution to the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Following the scope of the analysis, ABMTs were identified by scrutinizing international and regional legal sources related to ocean management in the fields of marine conservation, fisheries, deep sea bed mining, underwater natural and cultural heritage, environmental conservation, and marine spatial planning. Legal sources were screened to depict the following characteristics of individual ABMTs: i) management objectives; ii) authorities responsible for delivering such objectives; iii) the system of management and planning entailed in the ABMT including the zoning type; and iv) the specific spatial scope and domain each ABMT refer to in vertical depth and horizontal domain. Data were generated through an internal expert elicitation. Experts, initially trained in the data analysis and related protocol, contributed to the data production because of their specific knowledge and experience in ocean management. This dataset represents a unique source of information for advancing research about monitoring and assessment of the achievement of sustainable development goals that encompasses different types of ABMTs. ; This research was conducted in the framework of COST action on "Ocean Governance for Sustainability - challenges, options and the role of science", CA15217, within the Working Group 2 "Area Based Management" activities. We would like to thank COST for the funding that made the cooperation amongst the authors, and thus this article, possible. EG partially acknowledges also funding from PORTODIMARE "geoPORtal of TOols & Data for sustaInable Management of coAstal and maRine Environment" (2018–2020), Adriatic-Ionian Programme INTERREG V–B Transnational 2014–2020, grant no. 205, and funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement ...