La gestion environnementale sur un front pionnier amazonien ; Environmental management on an amazonian pioneer front
The Amazonian region is Brazil's last frontier. There has been some profound changes in this region in the past decades due to mass colonization policies and the construction of roads linking this region to the rest of the country. Government policies were designed to develop the agriculture and industrial sectors. Hence the Amazonian region is now fully integrated to the country's economy. Along with the development of this agricultural front, we saw an increase in the environmental damages and social inequalities. During this presentation, we will study how a pioneer front is managed in the town of Uruará in the Para province, Brazil. First we will focus on the relationship between the environment and its farmers and lumberjacks, and various other political partners. We showed that the use of the forest's resources was very limited and was not enough for the settlers' economic growth. For them, the forest still needs to be cut and burnt in order to implant agricultural activities. Then we will study how to modelize land use changes. We designed two prospective scenarios. The first one is to test the implementation of environmental laws (50% and/or 80% of forest to be untouched of each exploitation). The second scenario is to test the payment of environmental services provided by the farmers. By combining several methods (interviews, design of a typology of the different actors on the field, and modelization of the environmental and social interactions) we were able to end up with a dynamic vision of environmental monitoring. All this allowed us to present, to test and to discuss environmental policies in order to control the deforestation process. Those measures would also help to settle the farmers on their lands. ; L'Amazonie, dernière frontière du Brésil, a connu de profonds changements lors des dernières décennies du fait de son intégration progressive au reste du pays. Les relances successives des politiques gouvernementales de colonisation relayées par l'implantation des grandes filières productives se ...