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In the turbulent period following the First World War the young Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi founded the Pan-European Union, offering a vision of peaceful, democratic unity for Europe, with no borders, a common currency, and a single passport. Timely and capitivating, Martyn Bond's biography offers an opportunity to explore a remarkable life and revisit the impetus and origins of a unified Europe.

Intro -- Title page -- Contents -- Human rights in Europe -- Human rights for our time -- NEVER AGAIN! -- RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS -- WHAT RIGHTS ARE IN THE CONVENTION? -- HOW RELEVANT ARE CONVENTION RIGHTS TODAY? -- IMPROVING HOW THE CONVENTION WORKS -- Cases that make human rights law -- HUMAN RIGHTS FOR EVERYONE -- LIFE AND DEATH -- TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT -- LIBERTY AND SECURITY -- A FAIR TRIAL -- PRIVACY AND FAMILY LIFE -- FREEDOM OF THOUGHT, CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION -- FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION -- FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION -- EDUCATION: LESSONS FROM THE STATE? -- FREE ELECTIONS -- DISCRIMINATION -- The European Court of Human Rights -- ONE JUDGE, THREE JUDGES, SEVEN OR SEVENTEEN? -- BACKLOG OF CASES, PUBLIC PROCEEDINGS, FRIENDLY SETTLEMENT -- FOLLOW THROUGH: EXECUTING JUDGMENTS -- The broader picture of European human rights -- STEERING COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (CDDH) -- COMMITTEE ON LEGAL AFFAIRS AND HUMAN RIGHTS -- EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR THE PREVENTION OF TORTURE AND INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT (CPT) -- EUROPEAN COMMISSION AGAINST RACISM AND INTOLERANCE (ECRI) -- EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) -- EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF JUSTICE (CEPEJ) -- COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS -- What next for human rights? -- EXPANDING EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS -- IMPROVING THE APPLICATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW -- SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS -- OTHER BENEFICIARIES: WOMEN, CHILDREN, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES -- EU ACCESSION TO THE CONVENTION -- IMPLEMENTING THE CONVENTION: OUR SHARED RESPONSIBILITY -- Resources -- Human rights bodies -- Human rights texts -- Human rights courts -- Books -- Copyright -- Table of contents.

1. The Council of Europe in the bigger European picture -- 2. Human rights : a convention and a court -- 3. Human rights : protection and promotion -- 4. Specialized agencies : coalitions of the willing -- 5. Holding it all together -- 6. The road not taken -- 7. The wilderness years -- 8. Pan-European prospects -- 9. Redefining the problem -- 10. A common body of standards.

Multiculturalism has failed. So said Chancellor Angela Merkel in a speech in Potsdam last October. David Cameron and Nicolas Sarkozy both echoed her opinion early this year. But it is not easy to know just what they meant. The term is open to so many interpretations and used in so many different ways. Is it an ideology, a set of policies, or a social reality? In some ways the term confuses more than it clarifies. If political declarations could do the trick, those speeches might have buried the debate, but the obstinate facts behind the term cannot be brushed aside with political declarations. Adapted from the source document.