Suchergebnisse

This intellectual movement was another cause, and not the least, of the French Revolution. Mallet du Pan wrote: "Philosophy may boast her reign over the country she has devastated. Her votaries hastened the degeneration and corruption of the French by weakening the bulwarks of morality, by sophisticating conscience and by substituting the uncertain dictates of man's fallible reason, the equivocalism of passion and of selfishness, for the rules of duty proposed by tradition, confirmed by education and secured by habit. They threw doubts on an truths and shook the foundations of whatever had been established and consecrated by time, experience, and by a wisdom saner than their own. Intellectual anarchy prepared the way for social anarchy. Rousseau the favourite author of the middle classes, who was read and commented upon in the streets, misled virtue itself. He taught the nation to receive the dogmas of popular sovereignty and of natural equality as axioms. and deduced from them their most extreme consequences. He was the prophet of the Revolution. and his works were its Gospel". ; N/A

If we were to expose and discuss what the several historians had written about the causes of the French Revolution, the time of a lecture or the space of an article would not be sufficient. It is for this reason that we are going to leave apart all the particular views of the authors singularly taken and contenting ourselves of the short bibliography mentioned in the foot-note (1), we intend classifying the causes which they mention into categories, viz : 1. Social causes: class interest and social distinction; :3. Administrative and Juridical causes: faulty administrative system, and confusion of courts and laws; a. Religious causes: Protestantism, Gallican theories and Jansenistic opposition; 4. Philosophic and Anarchic: causes: Illuministic movement and Ma.sonic propaganda; 5. Political causes: King~s weakness and appalling financial plight; 6. Constitutional causes: all-pervading idea of the people's sovereignty and the desire for a change in the form of government. ; N/A

Bubonic plague reached Malta from Alexandria on 29 March 1813. The British garrison of about 3700 men escaped lightly, with only twenty deaths. However, the epidemic brought the Army medical officers in conflict with the Colonial Governor. This article looks at the turbulence generated by the plague among the medical staff officers, and at the role they played in the Public Health Services of the island. ; peer-reviewed