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Equal pay for equal work and equal opportunities for promotion, the theme of this study, serves to highlight the conditions for equality in one of the most important areas in most adult lives; work. Why study gender? One answer is that the ability to achieve equality in the social hierarchy, given equal qualifications, is a moral intuition that appears to be a necessary condition for steering a progressive society. Adapted from the source document.

This article presents a typology of discursive discrimination, discrimination earned out through the use of language. It is argued that there is a need for a typology that focuses more clearly on an understanding of what discrimination is than what is the case in existing research & that such a typology should fulfil certain criteria in order to he useful for empirical research. The typology proposed consists of four main concepts: exclusion from discourse, negative other presentation, objectification, & proposals pointing towards unfavorable non-linguistic treatment. The related concept of othering -- the creation of a psychological distance to people understood to belong to groups others than "us" -- is also presented. The manner in which the different forms of discursive discrimination & othering can be operationalised is demonstrated with the help of examples from empirical studies of discourses of people categorized as mentally deficient, as deaf, & as immigrants in Swedish public debate during the last 75 years. The importance of categorization of people is also discussed. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Illustrates & evaluates methods for the analysis of ideological change through a study of the 1969-1989 ideological shift to the right that took place in the Swedish elite-dominated public debate. Rhetorical text analyses of 424+ debates published in newspapers, party programs & parliamentary speeches, & a survey of the scholarly literature are drawn on to examine the ideological content & comprehensiveness of this swing to the right. Results indicated that the shift could best be described as a neoliberalization of the debate, & conservative ideas were still virtually absent from the late 1980s arenas of public debate. The comprehensiveness of the shift was studied as (1) the proportion of explicit statements of neoliberal ideas presented in the debate arenas & (2) influence on the normative & descriptive use of political terms, eg, the Swedish words for democracy, justice, & equality. Findings showed a neoliberalization of the usage of some of the terms. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 41 References. Adapted from the source document.