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This report presents a review of the Norwegian reference budget in light of similar European initiatives. The key aims of this reference budget review is to ensure that the Norwegian budget is valid and reliable, and that the method used is suitable to answer the questions the budget is supposed to answer. In the review, we ask: Which needs and wants is the Norwegian reference budget supposed to fill? Is there a need to revise the reference budget, and if so, how should this be done? ; Denne rapporten presenterer en systematisk gjennomgang av det norske referansebudsjettet sett i lys av lignende Europeiske initiativer. Hovedmålet med det foreliggende arbeidet er å videreutvikle referansebudsjettet med sikte på å øke budsjettets anvendbarhet, både i praktisk politikk og som grunnlag for forskning om sammenhengen mellom forbruk og levekår. Videre er det et mål å sikre at metoden som brukes er egnet til å svare på de utfordringene denne type budsjett vil møte i framtiden. Hovedspørsmålene vi stiller oss i denne rapporten er: Hvilke behov er det for det norske referansebudsjettet i ulike miljøer i dag? Er det behov for å revidere budsjettet og budsjettmetodologien for å kunne møte dagens og fremtidens utfordringer, og i så fall, hvordan bør dette gjøres?

Borgeraas E, Dahl E. Low income and 'poverty lines' in Norway: a comparison of three concepts
Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 73–83 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.In this article we address the question of how well three concepts of 'poverty' correspond with each other. We have compared three different measures of 'poverty' in Norway: income poverty and two measures of a minimum budget standard, one scientifically and one politically defined. The three measures rest on different underlying concepts, serve different purposes and yield significantly different poverty lines. If followed by the municipal social services, the governmental norms for social benefits will, paradoxically, leave the beneficiaries in income poverty as defined by that same government. The most generous poverty line of all three measures is provided by the minimum budget standard developed by the National Institute for Consumer Research in Norway, which rests on the assumption that a household's income has to give a sustainable financial situation in the longer run. Neither of the two other poverty measures have this property. All numbers pertain to the year 2005. Some political and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

This report presents a review of the Norwegian reference budget in light of similar European initiatives. The key aims of this reference budget review is to ensure that the Norwegian budget is valid and reliable, and that the method used is suitable to answer the questions the budget is supposed to answer. In the review, we ask: Which needs and wants is the Norwegian reference budget supposed to fill? Is there a need to revise the reference budget, and if so, how should this be done? ; Denne rapporten presenterer en systematisk gjennomgang av det norske referansebudsjettet sett i lys av lignende Europeiske initiativer. Hovedmålet med det foreliggende arbeidet er å videreutvikle referansebudsjettet med sikte på å øke budsjettets anvendbarhet, både i praktisk politikk og som grunnlag for forskning om sammenhengen mellom forbruk og levekår. Videre er det et mål å sikre at metoden som brukes er egnet til å svare på de utfordringene denne type budsjett vil møte i framtiden. Hovedspørsmålene vi stiller oss i denne rapporten er: Hvilke behov er det for det norske referansebudsjettet i ulike miljøer i dag? Er det behov for å revidere budsjettet og budsjettmetodologien for å kunne møte dagens og fremtidens utfordringer, og i så fall, hvordan bør dette gjøres?

Research into minimum income standards and reference budgets around the world is compared in this illuminating collection from leading academics in the field. From countries with long established research traditions to places where it is relatively new, contributors set out the different aims and objectives of investigations into the minimum needs and requirements of populations, and the historical contexts, theoretical frameworks and methodological issues that lie behind each approach. For policymakers, practitioners and social policy and poverty academics, this essential review of learnings to date and future prospects for research is all the more relevant in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, testing health and social protection systems around the globe