Suchergebnisse

Drawing from an ongoing research project 'SPLACH - Spatial Planning for Change, which aims to inform a sustainable planning transition of Portuguese metropolitan areas, this presentation identifies the planning paradigms which have guided the urban planning of Lisbon, its region and metropolitan area, during twentieth century. The influence of specific theories such as the Garden City (1898-1902), the Chartre d'Athénes (1933-1943), the Doorn Manifesto (1954) and the Compact City (1997) on strategic planning documents inclunding the 'Plano Director de Urbanização de Lisboa' (1938-1948), the 'Plano Director Municipal de Lisboa' (1954-1958), and the municipal and regional masterplans established after the 1974 Portuguese Democratic revolution are here identified. Such analysis is constructed through an overview of municipal and subregional plans and of neighbourhoods created in them, which allows an analysis of the metabolic and morphological transitions which have marked twentieth century Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) urban planning history. By doing so, we seek to establish which were the impacts of these transitions, inclunding on urban form, how have these changed the role of urban growth in LMA and how to interpret and optimize such built heritage today, when Sustainability urges for change. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Streets-in-the-sky were conceptualized by architects Alison and Peter Smithson as collective space, an articulation between individual and civitas. This essay argues that streets-in-the-sky are a particularly democratic type of urban element, which also has many positive sustainability potentials. The first use of this concept was in the Smithson's unbuilt Golden Lane estate (1952), which became a hallmark in post-WW2 debates over urban structure, domesticity, and social housing. Park Hill, the first streets-in-the-sky estate by Jack Lynn and Ivor Smith, was a success in the 1960s. The Smithsons continued to explore the idea in several urban projects, only to put it to built form in Robin Hood Gardens (1968–1972). These estates have adapted streets-in-the-sky and afterward evolved to very different states of maturity. While Park Hill is a refurbished Grade II listed building, Robin Hood Gardens is awaiting full demolition. Streets-in-the-sky were generally abandoned in more recent housing schemes, but the situation of these estates suggests that no consensus exists as to their urban value. Here, we analyze streets-in-the-sky at the time of their emergence as a concept. To assess their cultural, morphological, social, and political implications, we explore their development in built and unbuilt housing schemes, using the above mentioned case-studies to point out how streets-in-the-sky evolved, including their possible role in important urban debates of the present. Since many social housing estates employing streets-in-the-sky have been and continue to be demolished in redevelopment projects, we aim to understand what losses— aesthetic, functional, and environmental—may be implied in the decimation of this element of urban form. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion