Suchergebnisse

Este é um livro sobre aquele sentimento, difícil de expressar, mas que todos nós experienciamos, mais ou menos intensamente, nalguns momentos das nossas vidas ou mesmo ao longo de toda a nossa existência: saudade. Tem duas partes, que na verdade correspondem a dois livros num só. Na primeira expõe-se e interpreta-se a presença deste sentimento nalguns dos mais representativos autores e obras da cultura e do pensamento portugueses, desde os cancioneiros medievais até à actualidade. Na segunda, apresenta-se uma nova teoria acerca da natureza profunda deste sentimento, defendendo-se a sua universalidade e centralidade, não só no íntimo da experiência humana, mas em todo o ser dotado de consciência e sensibilidade e em todo o cosmos.

Starting from our attention to the systematic divisions of the KrV, we address the chapter III of Analytic of principles and its theses on the transgression of reason and the negative expansion. Our proposal is to show the specificity of the concept of noumenon in relation to the other categories of understanding without neglecting its place within Transcendental Analytic. The peculiarity of this concept expresses in a privileged way the relation of critique to the limits of knowledge, since noumenon is a representation that is excluded from the possibility of intuition, but is included in the analysis of knowledge. We therefore intend to shed light on the arguments that, on the one hand, limit knowledge and, on the other hand, allow thought a way to go beyond experience. Thus, in the analysis activity that detaches itself from specific interests in favour of an impartial investigation, the critic's position can embrace the inside and the outside of the delimitation of knowledge.

Este breve ensaio tem como objetivo apresentar a fotografia como representação e visibilidade dos chamados rexadores Guarani das aldeias retomadas do oeste do Paraná. Atualmente existem 21 aldeamentos ainda esperando por reconhecimento por parte da FUNAI e do estado brasileiro, nestas áreas encravadas em meio a platançoes de soja e propriedades privadas as comunidades indígenas resistem fortalecidas por suas lideranças espirituais. A grande concentração destas pequenas comunidImagem 3. Coral Guarani na comunidade de Tekoa Aty Mirim/Município de Itaipulândia por ocasião do 19 de abril "Dia do Índio" com a presença de diversas lideranças políticas indígenas e não-indígenas na comunidade. As manifestações culturais seguem tendo forte viés de afirmação política e étnica para a sociedade envolvente.Imagem 1. Cacique e xamõi Raul Medina no Tekoa Yvyraty Porã/Município de Terra se preparando para ir a Guaíra participar de mais uma reunião com demais lideranças indígenas a respeito da demarcação territorial.Imagem 2. Cacique Libório sendo abençoado por diversas lideranças e rezadores na casa de reza do Tekoa Nhemboete/Municipio de Terra Roxa para que Ñanderu lhe iluminando dando força para seguir lutando pelos direitos de seu povo.Imagem 3. Coral Guarani na comunidade de Tekoa Aty Mirim/Município de Itaipulândia por ocasião do 19 de abril "Dia do Índio" com a presença de diversas lideranças políticas indígenas e não-indígenas na comunidade. As manifestações culturais seguem tendo forte viés de afirmação política e étnica para a sociedade envolvente.Imagem 4. Manifestação no Tekoa Marangatu/Município de Guaira com a participação de diversas lideranças religiosas Guarani com intuito de entregar ao Ministério Público Federal relatório sobre a violação dos direitos indígenas na região de Guaíra.Imagem 5. Mulheres Guarani na casa de reza do Tekoa Vy'a Renda/Município de Santa Helena batendo o takuapy (instrumento indígena específico para a utilização das mulheres da comunidade) durante cerimônia religiosa com a presença de diversos caciques Guarani.Imagem 6. Reunião de rezadores no Tekoa Y Hovy/Município de Guaíra com a presença de entidades indigenistas para discutir a questão territorial na região.Imagem 7. Promotor do Ministério Público Federal de Guaíra Dermeval Vianna sendo abençoado pelos xamõi Guarani no Tekoa Marangatu/Município de Guaira para que continue defendendo os direitos constitucionais indígenas contra a violência dos ruralistas.Imagem 8. Reunião da casa de reza do Tekoa Vya' Renda/Município de Santa Helena, no momento da fala da liderança Guarani Francisco Alves a respeito da questão territorial no município e as terras alagadas indígenas pela Itaipu.Imagem 9. Reza no Tekoa Mirim/Município de Guaíra após reunião de lideranças indígenas com a presença do Ministério Público Federal e a FUNAI.Imagem 10. Xamõi Claudio Bogado na comunidade Tekoa Mokoi Joegua organizando o início da reza e abençoando a presença das lideranças políticas presentes: em pauta a antiga aldeia de Dois Irmãos submersa pela subida das águas da Itaipu.Imagem 11. Retrato do Xamõi Agostinho da comunidade Tekoa Añetete/Município de Diamante do Oeste, liderança histórica do povo Guarani que segue reivindicando suas áreas alagadas desde a subida das águas da Itaipu em 1982.Imagem 12. Xamõi Claudio Bogado e sua esposa Amália em sua casa reza no Tekoa Mokoi Joegua/Município de Santa Helena. Atualmente cada vez mais as mulheres Guarani vem tomando a frente de luta em defesa suas comunidades, em especial, como Amália que a exemplo de seu marido também é uma liderança espiritual.

cited By 0 ; International audience ; Insect pollinators provide vital ecosystem services through its maintenance of plant biological diversity and its role in food production. Indeed, adequate pollination services can increase the production and quality of fruit and vegetable crops. This service is currently challenged by land use intensification and expanding human population growth. Hence, this study aims: (1) to assess the pollination services in different land uses with different levels of disturbance through GIS mapping technique using insect pollinators abundance and richness as indicators, and (2) estimate the economic value of pollination by insects in agricultural crops. Our study takes place in a small oceanic island, Terceira (Azores, Portugal). Our results showed, remarkably, that not only the pristine vegetation areas, but also the orchards and agricultural areas have relatively high values of pollination services, even though both land uses have opposite disturbance levels. For the economic valuation, we analyzed 24 crops in the island and found that 18 depend on pollinators with one-third of these crops having 65% or 95% dependence on pollinators. The economic contribution of pollinators totals 36.2% of the total mean annual agricultural income of the dependent crops, highlighting the importance of insect pollinators in agricultural production and consequent economic gain productions.

The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 create a need for mapping and assessment of the state of biodiversity, ecosystems and their services in all European member states. Europe's nine Outermost Regions (ORs) and 25 Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) are mainly islands, scattered around the globe. These territories contain unique flora and fauna and encompass diverse ecosystems, from coral reefs to rainforests. These highly diverse ecosystems provide multiple relevant ecosystem services from local to global scale. To date, the ecosystem services concept has so far received little attention in European ORs and OCTs. Therefore, our aims were (1) to analyse the current state of ecosystem services mapping and assessment in Europe's overseas territories, (2) to identify knowledge gaps in the context of ecosystem service research and application and (3) to provide recommendations for future research and policy directions to fill these gaps. We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature for each of the ORs and OCTs, screening 1030 publications. The analysis resulted in 161 publications referring to ES mapping and assessment, of which most were conducted in the European Caribbean (31%) and Pacific (21%) territories. Results show that many ORs and OCTs are still blank spots in terms of ecosystem service mapping and assessment and that, despite many biodiversity studies referring to species' abundance, little has been published on ecosystem services. Our systematic review highlights theknowledge lacking on dealing with invasive species, which pose major threats to native island biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services. Further, it discusses knowledge gaps in (1) translation of information on island biodiversity and ecosystem functions into ES; (2) geographical coverage of mapping studies in most ORs and OCTs; (3) the lack of standardised approaches and integrated assessments to map, assess and value ecosystem services. Based on these results, future research and policy ...

cited By 0 ; International audience ; Insect pollinators provide vital ecosystem services through its maintenance of plant biological diversity and its role in food production. Indeed, adequate pollination services can increase the production and quality of fruit and vegetable crops. This service is currently challenged by land use intensification and expanding human population growth. Hence, this study aims: (1) to assess the pollination services in different land uses with different levels of disturbance through GIS mapping technique using insect pollinators abundance and richness as indicators, and (2) estimate the economic value of pollination by insects in agricultural crops. Our study takes place in a small oceanic island, Terceira (Azores, Portugal). Our results showed, remarkably, that not only the pristine vegetation areas, but also the orchards and agricultural areas have relatively high values of pollination services, even though both land uses have opposite disturbance levels. For the economic valuation, we analyzed 24 crops in the island and found that 18 depend on pollinators with one-third of these crops having 65% or 95% dependence on pollinators. The economic contribution of pollinators totals 36.2% of the total mean annual agricultural income of the dependent crops, highlighting the importance of insect pollinators in agricultural production and consequent economic gain productions.

Klappentext: "O Objectivo deste volume é repensar o contributo cultural da chamada Geração de Orpheu, com uma atenção particular à dimensão e virtualidades filosóficas de um movimento e de autores que têm sido predominantemente considerados e estudados numa perspectiva artística e literária. Acreditando que um olhar filosófico complementa e enriquece estas perspectivas, reunimos aqui ensaios, estudos e documentos que, além de repensarem o sentido da própria revista e do movimento do Orpheu, mostram e exploram, por vezes comparativamente, novas dimensões de seus destacados protagonistas, colaboradores, e companheiros de viagem, como Fernando Pessoa, Almada Negreiros e Raul Leal, sem esquecer o compositor Ruy Coelho. O volume integra ainda a edição e documentos de arquivo e outros testemunhos documentais sobre a Geração de Orpheu."

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar a resposta judicial sobre o consentimento no tráfico sexual. A análise qualitativa recai sobre as práticas e os discursos dos julgadores em sete acórdãos do Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região como elementos para problematização da relação entre poder punitivo e gênero a partir do arsenal teórico-metodológico da Criminologia Feminista e da Análise Crítica do Discurso. Sustentamos que, nas decisões posteriores a 2016, os julgadores (i) romperam com a categorização, os retratos padronizados e os pânicos morais sobre o tráfico sexual, bem como (ii) guinaram o entendimento sobre o consentimento, que passou a ser considerado relevante para a configuração do crime. Defendemos que os julgadores podem confeccionar novos padrões de entendimentos judiciais antidiscriminatórios e não generalizantes, contudo, falham na elaboração de um efetivo projeto jurídico feminista.

Objetivo: nesta pesquisa buscou-se analisar a contribuição do planejamento de cenários na tomada de decisão em pequenas empresas do Distrito Federal. Assim, procurou-se explorar uma lacuna nesta área de conhecimento onde poucos estudos empíricos foram desenvolvidos, no Brasil, em empresas deste porte.
Método: foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa participante, de natureza qualitativa, com seis pequenas empresas do setor de comércio e serviços, aplicando o método da Global Business Network (GBN) de planejamento de cenários. Os resultados foram aferidos por entrevistas com os participantes, agregados à percepção do pesquisador durante as etapas deste planejamento.
Resultados: verificou-se uma preocupação com a situação econômica do país em todos os cenários construídos com os sujeitos de pesquisa. Todas as empresas alcançaram narrativas sobre o futuro, sendo que em quatro delas constataram-se tomadas de decisão melhores e a concepção de ideias inovadoras. Contudo, apenas em uma foi observada determinada mudança de modelo mental, principal finalidade deste tipo de planejamento, segundo autores neste tema. Questões como barreiras cognitivas e preocupações com situações do presente comprometeram o trabalho de explorar possibilidades futuras.
Conclusões: o planejamento de cenários pode trazer maior racionalidade à tomada de decisão em pequenas empresas, como verificado em metade das empresas participantes. Isto é capaz de auxiliá-las a contornar o alto índice de mortalidade que enfrentam em seus primeiros anos de atividade, bem como a melhor lidar com incertezas futuras.

En el Código Penal brasileño, hay una omisión sobre la relevancia del consentimiento para caracterizar o descaracterizar el crimen de trata de personas para explotación sexual. Por eso, el Poder Judicial ha interpretado y determinado el entendimento sobre el consentimiento. El objetivo principal desta investigación es estudiar críticamente los entendimentos jurisdiccionales en casos que supuestamente hubo consentimiento de la mujer. Así, con el apoyo epistemológico de la Antropología, de la Criminología Feminista y del Análisis del Discurso, se analizaron cualitativamente el contenido de cinco sentencias del Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região (TRF-3). El método eligido fue el dialéctico, en función de las separaciones entre teoría y práctica en la garantía de los derechos humanos de las mujeres traficadas. El estudio ha planteado que la respuesta jurisdiccional más refuerza los rolos de géneros que rompe con las agencias de control sexual sobre la mujer, pues, bajo un discurso de protección a las mujeres y de rechazo criminal a la trata sexual, se halla la infantilización y la limitación libertad de las mujeres. ; In the Brazilian Penal Code, there is an omission on the relevance of consent to characterize or de-characterize the crime of trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation. Because of this legislative gap, the Judiciary has established his understanding on this consent. The main objective is to study critically the jurisdictional response to the cases where, supposedly, the woman has consented her trafficking. Thus, with the support of Anthropology, Feminist Criminology and Discourse Analysis, the content of five judgments of the Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região (TRF-3) was qualitatively analyzed. The method used was the dialectic, because of the separations between theory and practice on guaranteeing the trafficked woman rights. The study has revealed that the jurisdictional response further strengthens the gender patterns than break with the agencies of sexual control over women, because, under a discourse protecting women and of criminal repudiation of sex trafficking, there are an infantilization and a limitation of freedom of women

The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 create a need for mapping and assessment of the state of biodiversity, ecosystems and their services in all European member states. Europe's nine Outermost Regions (ORs) and 25 Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) are mainly islands, scattered around the globe. These territories contain unique flora and fauna and encompass diverse ecosystems, from coral reefs to rainforests. These highly diverse ecosystems provide multiple relevant ecosystem services from local to global scale. To date, the ecosystem services concept has so far received little attention in European ORs and OCTs. Therefore, our aims were (1) to analyse the current state of ecosystem services mapping and assessment in Europe's overseas territories, (2) to identify knowledge gaps in the context of ecosystem service research and application and (3) to provide recommendations for future research and policy directions to fill these gaps. We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature for each of the ORs and OCTs, screening 1030 publications. The analysis resulted in 161 publications referring to ES mapping and assessment, of which most were conducted in the European Caribbean (31%) and Pacific (21%) territories. Results show that many ORs and OCTs are still blank spots in terms of ecosystem service mapping and assessment and that, despite many biodiversity studies referring to species' abundance, little has been published on ecosystem services. Our systematic review highlights theknowledge lacking on dealing with invasive species, which pose major threats to native island biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services. Further, it discusses knowledge gaps in (1) translation of information on island biodiversity and ecosystem functions into ES; (2) geographical coverage of mapping studies in most ORs and OCTs; (3) the lack of standardised approaches and integrated assessments to map, assess and value ecosystem services. Based on these results, future research and policy priorities could be adapted in order to focus on filling these gaps. To overcome current environmental policy challenges, it is crucial to address the ongoing decline in biodiversity, rising climatic and anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems and to maintain a sustainable ES flow to safeguard human well-being. Ultimately, ES mapping and assessment efforts will form the knowledge base for well-informed decision-making to protect Europe's vulnerable overseas areas.

Intensive agricultural practices leading to habitat degradation represent a major threat to pollinators. Diverse management practices are expected to influence wild pollinator abundance and richness on farms, although their effect in perennial crops is still unclear. In this study, we assessed the impact of management on apple (Malus domestica) pollination on an oceanic island, by comparing conventional (with and without herbicide application) and organic apple orchards. Pollinator visitation and pan trap surveys were carried out in six apple orchards in Terceira Island (Azores) and the landscape composition surrounding orchards was characterized. We also quantified fruit set, seed set and apple weight. We found no significant effect of management on insect visitation rates, whereas there was a negative association with increasing surrounding agricultural land. In contrast, management had an effect on species abundance, richness and diversity at the orchard level. Conventional orchards without herbicides showed higher abundance than the rest, but lower richness and diversity than conventional orchards with herbicides. Management had an effect on fruit set, but not on seed set or fruit weight. Our results suggest that management alone is insufficient for the overall improvement of apple pollination on an oceanic island, while landscape composition may play a relevant role. ; Regional Government of Extremadura in Spain (PO17006); ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000073 ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ; Despite their high diversity and importance for humankind, invertebrates are often neglected in biodiversity conservation policies. We identify seven impediments to their effective protection: (1) invertebrates and their ecological services are mostly unknown to the general public (the public dilemma); (2) policymakers and stakeholders are mostly unaware of invertebrate conservation problems (the political dilemma); (3) basic science on invertebrates is scarce and underfunded (the scientific dilemma); (4) most species are undescribed (the Linnean shortfall); (5) the distribution of described species is mostly unknown (the Wallacean shortfall); (6) the abundance of species and their changes in space and time are unknown (the Prestonian shortfall); (7) species ways of life and sensitivities to habitat change are largely unknown (the Hutchinsonian shortfall). Numerous recent developments in taxonomy, inventorying, monitoring, data compilation, statistical analysis and science communication facilitate overcoming these impediments in both policy and practice. We suggest as possible solutions for the public dilemma: better public information and marketing. For the political dilemma: red-listing, legal priority listing and inclusion in environmental impact assessment studies. For the scientific dilemma: parataxonomy, citizen science programs and biodiversity informatics. For the Linnean shortfall: biodiversity surrogacy, increased support for taxonomy and advances in taxonomic publications. For the Wallacean shortfall: funding of inventories, compilation of data in public repositories and species distribution modeling. For the Prestonian shortfall: standardized protocols for inventorying and monitoring, widespread use of analogous protocols and increased support for natural history collections. For the Hutchinsonian shortfall: identifying good indicator taxa and studying extinction rates by indirect evidence.