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Tourist destination choices depend, among other factors, on the match between the destination's personality image and consumers' self-concept, in line with self-image congruence theory. Motives also mediate this relationship, yet tourism research largely neglects the influence of avoidance motives. This study applies the product-based construct of undesired congruity, or consumers' tendency to avoid undesired stereotypical images, to the context of web-based vacation destination information search intentions among potential first-time visitors. Undesired congruity relates negatively to willingness to search for destination-related information online and serves as an additional predictor, beyond established
relevant factors for pre-visit choice contexts. Moreover, it overrides the influence of established, telic, approach motive constructs, which implies its principal role in early destination-related decision making. The findings have practical implications for market research in tourism, as well as for destination branding. (author's abstract)

How to achieve survey representativeness is a controversially debated issue in the field of survey methodology. Common questions include whether probability-based samples produce more representative data than nonprobability samples, whether the response rate determines the overall degree of survey representativeness, and which survey modes are effective in generating highly representative data. This meta-analysis contributes to this debate by synthesizing and analyzing the literature on two common measures of survey representativeness (R-Indicators and descriptive benchmark comparisons). Our findings indicate that probability-based samples (compared to nonprobability samples), mixed-mode surveys (compared to single-mode surveys), and other-than-Web modes (compared to Web surveys) are more representative, respectively. In addition, we find that there is a positive association between representativeness and the response rate as well as the number of auxiliary variables used in representativeness assessments. Furthermore, we identify significant gaps in the research literature that we hope might encourage further research in this area.

The paper seeks to investigate the incremental value of a construct termed "undesired self-image congruence", and capture consumers' perceived closeness to negatively valenced brand-related attributes over and above established self-image congruence factors known to affect consumption-related attitudes and intentions. A questionnaire-based study was used to assess consumers' attitudes and intentions to consume a low-involvement product (Marlboro cigarettes; n = 211). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to determine the incremental predictive value of the newly introduced undesired congruity component over and above established self-image congruence facets. Undesired congruity proved its substantial and incremental value in predicting consumption-related attitudes, but did not directly influence purchasing intentions. Research limitations/implications - Avoidance motives related to undesired brand images appear to influence purchase decisions at early stages of the decision-making process, namely in attitude formation and evaluative responding. Controlled experimental approaches with a broader set of products should be used to corroborate this potential research implication. Because negative stereotypical images appear to feed into purchase-related decision processes at early stages, due caution should be exerted in primary data collection and brand positioning. Primary data collection should capture both positive and negative brand-related meanings attributed by consumers. Because the results show that undesired congruity has an incremental explanatory effect, positive versus negative symbolic meanings are clearly not just "two sides of the same coin". Consequently, brand positioning should define its strategy by simultaneously maximizing both the closeness to desired symbolic meanings and the distance to undesired symbolic associations. The value of the paper lies in testing the operation of undesired congruity and in quantifying its incremental contribution in the symbolic consumption context. (author's abstract)

Using the Five-factor model of personality and Need for Cognition, the authors investigated the relationship between personality and Web usage. Of the five factors, Openness to Experience and Neuroticism showed the greatest association to Web usage. Openness to Experience was positively
related to using the Web for entertainment and product information, while Neuroticism was negatively related to Web usage. Need for Cognition was significantly and positively correlated with all Web activities involving cognitive thought.

This editorial gives a brief introduction to the articles included in the thematic section of Europe's Journal of Psychology, which is devoted to selected recent advances and applications of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The five contributions address two thematic streams: (1) adjustments and extensions of the original theory and (2) applications of the TPB in public health and the political sciences

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the German government and the 16 German federal states to announce a variety of public health measures in order to suppress the spread of the coronavirus. These non-pharmaceutical measures intended to curb transmission rates by increasing social distancing (i.e., diminishing interpersonal contacts) which restricts a range of individual behaviors. These measures span moderate recommendations such as physical distancing, up to the closures of shops and bans of gatherings and demonstrations. The implementation of these measures are not only a research goal for themselves but have implications for behavioral research conducted in this time (e.g., in form of potential confounder biases). Hence, longitudinal data that represent the measures can be a fruitful data source. The presented data set contains data on 14 governmental measures across the 16 German federal states. In comparison to existing datasets, the dataset at hand is a fine-grained daily time series tracking the effective calendar date, introduction, extension, or phase-out of each respective measure. Based on self-regulation theory, measures were coded whether they did not restrict, partially restricted or fully restricted the respective behavioral pattern. The time frame comprises March 08, 2020 until May 15, 2020. The project is an open-source, ongoing project with planned continued updates in regular (approximately monthly) intervals. This release note presents the background, dataset structure and coding rules of the dataset. ; Beitrag aus der Reihe "ZPID Science Information Online"

This editorial gives a brief introduction to the articles included in the thematic section of Europe's Journal of Psychology, which is devoted to selected recent advances and applications of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The five contributions address two thematic streams: (1) adjustments and extensions of the original theory and (2) applications of the TPB in public health and the political sciences. ; notReviewed ; publishedVersion

Acquiescence has been found to distort the psychometric quality of questionnaire data. Previous research has identified various determinants of acquiescence at both the individual and the country level. We aimed to synthesize the scattered body of knowledge by concurrently testing a multilevel model encompassing a set of presumed predictors of acquiescence. Based on a representative sample comprising almost 40,000 respondents from 20 European countries, we analyzed the effects of the country-level indicators economic wealth, corruption level, and collectivism and the individual-level indicators age, gender, educational attainment, and conservatism. Results revealed that 15% of the variance in acquiescence was due to country-level variations in corruption levels and collectivism. Differences among individuals within countries could be partially explained by conservatism and educational attainment.

"The use of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets for survey completion is growing rapidly, raising concerns regarding data quality in general, and nonresponse and measurement error in particular. We use the data from six online waves of the GESIS Panel, a probability-based mixed-mode panel representative of the German population to study whether the responses provided using tablets or smartphones differ on indicators of measurement and nonresponse errors from responses provided via personal computers or laptops. We follow an approach chosen by Lugtig and Toepoel (2015), using the following indicators of nonresponse error: item nonresponse, providing an answer to an open question; and the following indicators of measurement error: straightlining, number of characters in open questions, choice of left-aligned options in horizontal scales, and survey duration. Moreover, we extend the scope of past research by exploring whether data quality is a function of device-type or respondent-type characteristics using multilevel models. Overall, we find that responding with mobile devices is associated with a higher likelihood of measurement discrepancies compared to PC/laptop survey completion. For smartphone survey completion, the indicators of measurement and nonresponse error tend to be higher than for tablet completion. We find that most indicators of nonresponse and measurement error used in our analysis cannot be attributed to the respondent characteristics but are rather effects of mobile devices." (author's abstract)

Mobile technology offers a promising means to collect survey data, though the factors that influence people's willingness to participate in mobile surveys and their actual participation remain unknown. To identify these factors, this study considers six conceptually distinct influences that may relate to the propensity to participate in mobile surveys. Some of them affect technology acceptance and usage of (mobile) technology in general; another set comes from studies of participation in computer-assisted surveys. The proposed unified framework encompasses utilitarian, affective, hedonic, social, self-expressive, and trust-related factors. An empirical study suggests that this framework explains the intention to participate and actual participation well, though of the six factors, hedonic, affective, self-expressive, and trust-related ones are most influential. Utilitarian aspects and beliefs about perceived social pressure to participate do not play significant roles. The authors discuss the practical implications of these results and outline some further research avenues. (author's abstract)

Research on the symbolic use of commercial brands has shown that individuals prefer those brands matching their own personality. While the Big Five model of human personality is universal, brand personality attributions are partly culture-specific. Furthermore, research investigating
brand-related trait attributions has largely neglected negatively valenced traits. Consequently, the objective of this research was to identify and operationalize indigenous German brand personality attributions from a person-centric perspective. This approach entails an exploration of those
positive as well as negative human personality dimensions applicable and relevant to brands. Within two studies, four dimensions of brand personality (Drive, Conscientiousness, Emotion, and Superficiality) were identified. A preliminary 20-item instrument is proposed for the parsimonious measurement
of brand personality attributions in the German cultural domain.

'Eine inhaltlich identische Befragung (Umwelteinstellungsmodul des International Social Survey Programme, ISSP) wurde sowohl im Rahmen einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen schriftlichen Befragung als auch in Form einer Web-basierten Version mit Hilfe eines für die Internetnutzerschaft repräsentativen Online-Access-Panels durchgeführt. Im direkten Gruppenvergleich über beide Erhebungsmodi zeigten sich zunächst deutliche Unterschiede über inhaltliche wie auch soziodemografische Variablen. Eine Anpassungsgewichtung der Stichprobe der Internetnutzer an die bevölkerungsrepräsentative Stichprobe auf der Basis soziodemografischer Variablen ergab für den Vergleich über inhaltliche Items ein inkonsistentes Bild. Beschränkt sich dagegen der Vergleich unter beiden Erhebungsmodi auf solche Personen, die über einen ähnlichen Bildungshintergrund verfügen, so sind weder über die Itemmittelwerte noch über ausgewählte Item-Interkorrelationen praktisch bedeutsame Unterschiede ermittelbar. D.h. die Online erhobenen Daten stimmen für eine ausgewählte High-Coverage Gruppe (hier: Personen mit hoher Bildung) weitgehend überein mit denen der schriftlichen Variante.' (Autorenreferat)

Do web surveys still yield lower response rates compared with other survey modes? To answer this question, we replicated and extended a meta-analysis done in 2008 which found that, based on 45 experimental comparisons, web surveys had an 11 percentage points lower response rate compared with other survey modes. Fundamental changes in internet accessibility and use since the publication of the original meta-analysis would suggest that people's propensity to participate in web surveys has changed considerably in the meantime. However, in our replication and extension study, which comprised 114 experimental comparisons between web and other survey modes, we found almost no change: web surveys still yielded lower response rates than other modes (a difference of 12 percentage points in response rates). Furthermore, we found that prenotifications, the sample recruitment strategy, the survey's solicitation mode, the type of target population, the number of contact attempts, and the country in which the survey was conducted moderated the magnitude of the response rate differences. These findings have substantial implications for web survey methodology and operations.