Suchergebnisse

Differences in promotion across genders are still prevalent in many occupations. Recent work based on experimental evidence indicates that women participate less in or exert lower effort during contests. We exploit the unique features of the promotion system for French academics to look at women's attitudes towards competition in an actual labour market. Using data for academic economists over the period 1991-2008 we find that, conditional on entering the competition, there is no difference in promotions across the genders, which is difficult to reconcile with either discrimination or a poorer performance of women in contests. In contrast, women have a substantially lower probability than men to enter the promotion contest. Our data does not support that this gap is due to differences in costs or preferences concerning department prestige, indicating that women are less willing than men to take part in contests.

Nous utilisons les citations Google Scholar 2010 des économistes exerçants en France en 2008 afin de dessiner un panorama de la recherche en économie en France et de tester l'utilisation d'un support plus large qu'Econlit pour l'évaluation de la production de recherche. Nous comparons les indicateurs de citations tels que le nombre de citations divisés par le nombre d'auteurs, l'indice H ou l'indice G calculés au niveau individuel mais aussi des centres de recherche et universités avec des indices de publications calculés via la base de données EconLit et prenant plus ou moins en compte la qualité des journaux. Ces comparaisons sont menées sur différentes périodes de temps. La hiérarchie des institutions calculée avec l'approche Google Scholar est relativement proche de celle observée lorsque l'on utilise des scores de publications. Néanmoins, on observe également certaines variations spectaculaires pour quelques institutions, positives principalement lorsque l'économie n'est pas le cœur de métier de ces institutions.

Abstract
Using an instrument based on a national contest in France determining researchers' location, we find evidence of peer effects in academia, when focusing on precise groups of senders (producing the spillovers) and receivers (benefiting from the spillovers), defined based on field of specialisation, gender and age. These peer effects are present even outside formal co-authorship relationships. Furthermore, the match between the characteristics of senders and receivers plays a critical role. In particular, men benefit a lot from peer effects provided by other men, while all other types of gender combinations produce spillovers twice as small. Part of the peer effects results from researchers switching research fields.

Sciences Po Economics Discussion Papers Using an instrument based on a national contest in France determining researchers' location, we find evidence of peer effects in academia, when focusing on precise groups of senders (producing the spillovers) and receivers (benefiting from the spillovers), defined based on field of specialisation, gender and age. These peer effects are shown to exist even outside formal co-authorship relationships. Furthermore, the match between the characteristics of senders and receivers plays a critical role. In particular, men benefit a lot from peer effects provided by men, while all other types of gender combinations produce spillovers twice as small.