Suchergebnisse

Resumo Este artigo discute a representação da contribuição das mulheres na história da ciência nos livros didáticos do ensino secundário português. A análise exaustiva dos livros didáticos de história revelou que o papel das mulheres na ciência é negligenciado, à exceção de Marie Curie, que é citada várias vezes. Continua-se a retratar a ciência silenciando contributos do trabalho e persistência de mulheres cujo papel como (co)-autoras de descobertas científicas foi apagado ou ignorado, persistindo o "efeito Matilda". As mulheres aparecem nas imagens como auxiliares, corpos ou consumidoras dos benefícios da ciência.

"Flawless skin is the most universally desired human feature" is an iconic statement by Desmond Morris. Skin indicates one´s health and is so important that it affects a person's emotional and psychological behavior, these facts having propelled the development of the cosmetics industry. It is estimated that in 2023, this industry will achieve more than 800 billion dollars. This boost is due to the development of new cosmetic formulations based on nanotechnology. Nanocarriers have been able to solve problems related to active ingredients regarding their solubility, poor stability, and release. Even though nanocarriers have evident benefits, they also present some problems related to the high cost, low shelf life, and toxicity. Regulation and legislation are two controversial topics regarding the use of nanotechnology in the field of cosmetics. In this area, the U.S. FDA has taken the lead and recommended several biosafety studies and post-market safety evaluations. The lack of a global definition that identifies nanomaterials as a cosmetic ingredient is a hindrance to the development of global legislation. In the EU, the legislation regarding the biosafety of nanomaterials in cosmetics is stricter. "The cost is not the only important issue, safety and the application of alternative testing methods for toxicity are of crucial importance as well".