Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Affiliations of Authors -- Dedication -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- I. The Why and What of Regional Residuals-Environmental Quality Management Modelling -- Introduction -- Key Definitions and Concepts -- Analysis for Regional REQM -- Concluding Comment -- II. Issues Surrounding Regional Residuals-Environmental Quality Management Modelling -- Introduction -- Issue A: Potential Use and Users -- Issue B: Elaboration of Economic Models -- Issue C: Elaboration of Environmental Models -- Issue D: The Spatial Dimension -- Issue E: The Time Dimension -- Issue F: Model Structure and Mathematical Techniques -- Summation -- III. The Lower Delaware Valley Integrated Residuals Management Model: A Summary -- Introduction -- The Region -- The Residuals Management Model -- Setting Up the Model Runs -- Results of Running the Model -- Conclusions -- IV. A Coordinated Set of Economic, Hydro-Salinity, and Air Quality Models of the Upper Colorado River Basin with Applications to Current Problems -- Physical and Economic Description of the Region -- Observations on the Institutional Setting of the Region -- Integrated Economic, Hydro-Salinity, and Air Quality Models of the Upper Colorado River Basin -- Current Applications -- Difficulties Encountered -- V. An Analysis for REQM in the Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, Area -- REQM in the Yugoslavian Context -- Location and Characteristics of the Study Area -- Conditions for Analysis and Study Outputs -- Analysis for REQM -- REQM Strategies -- Concluding Observations -- VI. Case Study on Using Systems Engineering Methods in the Environmental Pollution Research Pilot Area of Ostrava, Czechoslovakia -- Introduction -- Characteristics of Ostrava Pilot Area -- Goals, Method, and Organization of the Research.

This book brings together state-of-the-art papers describing comprehensive approaches to residuals management and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary solutions to complex environmental problems. Originally published in 1972.

Factors significant to the effective implementation of air quality management incentive systems are defined & evaluated, emphasizing the importance of maintaining continuing compliance with air quality standards. Regulatory implementation incentive systems are always a mix of regulations & economic incentives. If incentives obtaining original compliance with standards by a pollution source (stationary, ie, industrial) are not matched by incentives encouraging continuing compliance, sources seldom maintain compliance; in short, if it is cheaper to pollute, a factory will pollute, regardless of the previous installation of environmental protection measures. Primary reasons for failure to maintain low pollution levels include: design deficiencies of antipollution equipment; inadequate maintenance of equipment; unanticipated changes in production processes; changes in raw material inputs & energy costs; & the availability of specified rules. Empirical evidence suggests that the quest for an incentive system capable of encouraging continuing compliance with regulations must continue. 2 Tables, 2 Figures, 3 References. J. Weber.

Ch. 1. Introduction : analysis for residuals-environmental quality management (REQM) / Blair T. Bower and Daniel J. Basta -- ch. 2. Introduction to analyzing natural systems / Daniel J. Basta and David H. Moreau -- ch. 3. Analyzing residuals generation and discharge from urban and nonurban land surfaces / Wayne C. Huber and James P. Heaney -- ch. 4. Analyzing surface receiving water bodies / Melvin O. Hinson, Jr., and Daniel J. Basta -- ch. 5. Analyzing atmospheric systems / F. Douglas Muschett.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- I. INTRODUCTION -- The Why of the Study -- REQM in the Yugoslavian Context -- Goals of the Study -- Organization of the Report -- II. RESIDUALS, REQM, AND ANALYSIS FOR REQM -- Key Definitions and Concepts -- Residuals -- Factors Affecting Residuals Generation -- REQM System -- REQM -- REQM Strategy -- Analysis for REQM -- Activity Models -- Natural Systems Models -- Objective Function and Method of Analysis -- Criteria for Evaluating REQM Strategies -- Concluding Comments: Some Basic Considerations in REQM and Analysis for REQM -- III. THE LJUBLJANA AREA -- Location and Characteristics of the Five-Commune Area -- Air Resources -- Water Resources -- Employment -- Institutional Arrangements -- Factors Affecting the Demarcation of the Study Area -- IV. EVOLUTION OF THE LJUBLJANA REQM ANALYSIS -- Introduction -- Analysis Conditions -- Study Outputs and Method of Analysis -- Allocating Analytical Resources -- V. ACTIVITY MODELING: ESTIMATING RESIDUALS GENERATION -- Separating Activities into Activity Categories -- Estimating Residuals Generation -- Introduction -- Estimating Mixed Solid Residuals (MSR) Generation Coefficients -- Estimating Liquid Residuals Generation Coefficients -- Estimating Gaseous Residuals Generation Coefficients -- Summary of Residuals Generation Coefficients -- Levels of Activity and Residuals Generation -- VI. ACTIVITY MODELING: ESTIMATING RESIDUALS HANDLING AND MODIFICATION COSTS -- Introduction -- Estimating Costs of Reducing SO2 and Particulate Discharges from Stationary Sources -- Industrial Sources -- Nonindustrial Sources -- Estimating Costs of Reducing CO, HC, and NOX Discharges from Mobile Sources.