Suchergebnisse

Introduction: Imbalanced distribution of healthcare providers between urban and rural areas is one of the difficulties facing health service provision in Indonesia. Several regulations have been made by the governmentto solve the problem. The objective of this paper is to describe the provision of human resources for healthcare services in Indonesia. Methodology: A review of medical related electronic databases, CINAHL and Ovid MEDLINE, was undertaken from their commencement date until the end of January 2017. The grey literature from the Indonesian government, the World Health Organisation and the World Bank websites was also searched. Results: There were 92 articles identified from the CINAHL and 222 articles from the Ovid MEDLINE databases. Five articles were included from the two databases and five documents from grey literature with ten articles to be reviewed. Discussion: Nurses and midwives account for the largest proportion of healthcare providers in Indonesia. The ratio of healthcare providers in Indonesia is lower than the average of South-East Asian and other lower middle income countries. More than half of the healthcare providers in Indonesia provide care in community health centres. Several regulations have been proclaimed to improve the imbalanced proportion of healthcare providers across the country. Conclusion: Indonesia continues to develop strategies towards successful distribution of healthcare providers across the country. A study investigating the impact of the programs reducing the imbalanced distribution of healthcare providers on health outcomes is essential for Indonesia.

Introduction: There have been two major transitions for healthcare in Indonesia: the implementation of government decentralisation and universal health insurance. A universal public health insurance called Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) was launched in January 2014 and aims to cover all Indonesian people. Objective: The objective of this paper is to discuss the funding of healthcare in Indonesia through a comparison with other South East Asian countries. Methodology: A search for relevant literature was undertaken using electronic databases, Ovid Medline, ProQuest Central, and Scopus from their commencement date until December 2015. The grey literature from the Indonesian government, the WHO's and World Bank's website, has been included. Results: There were nine articles from Ovid Medline, eight from ProQuest Central, and 12 from Scopus that met the criteria. Seventeen articles were duplicates leaving 12 articles to be reviewed. Nine documents have been identified from grey literature. Discussion: Most people in Indonesia sought health services from the private sector and were out-ofpocket financially or did not receive the required care. The private sector delivered 62.1% of health services compared to 37.9% by the government. Despite some inappropriate use of previous health insurance, the BPJS is expected to have improved management and will cover all citizens by the end of 2019. Conclusion: Indonesia has undergone a series of changes to health system funding and health insurance. There are lessons that can be learnt from other countries, such as Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, so that Indonesia can improve its health funding. Abbreviations: BPJS – Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial.