Suchergebnisse

Non-contractual liability, stemming from damage accountably caused to another, has been the subject of the PETL and DCFR VI European reform initiatives. Gert Brüggemeier, however, proposes alternative reforms which, instead of trying to overcome the differences between civil law (delict) and common law (torts), are restricted to civil liability. The focus is on the grounds of accountability, and stricter forms of liability are at the fore. Quasi-strict enterprise liability is introduced to fill the lacuna between personal fault and forms of strict liability. A commentary is included on recent legislation on civil liability in China, Brazil and Russia to demonstrate how these large countries try to come to grips with the challenges of 'risk society'.

Gert Brüggemeier und Zhu Yan legen einen Modellentwurf für ein chinesisches Haftungsgesetz vor. Der hier abgedruckte Gesetzesentwurf mit Text (in deutsch, englisch, französisch, chinesisch und japanisch) und ausführlicher Begründung reicht in seiner Bedeutung weit über den Abschluss des chinesischen Zivilgesetzbuches hinaus. Er setzt sich mit den aktuellen nationalstaatlichen und EU-rechtlichen Initiativen zur Reform des Haftungsrechts auseinander und ist so ein bedeutsamer Referenzpunkt für die weitergehende Reformdebatte in Europa. (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)

Abstract: Natural law and economic liberalism engendered the grand concept of modern European private law (freedom of contract, property, faute personnelle). Nearly simultaneously, the ongoing process of industrial revolution paved the way into 'another modernity'. Its new paradigms were technical risks, enterprises, and insurance. Insurability of losses caused by risky commercial activities and the concomitant possibility of passing on its costs to the public created the demand for 'stricter' forms of enterprise liability beyond fault. This article presents three different answers to these social challenges. Germany is but a prominent example for the continental EU Member States with its mixed system of social insurance, special legislation on Gefährdungshaftung, and a general fault regime. The United States adheres to the common law's negligence system with only marginal corrections. The liability law of the new Russian civil code combines the French legacy with the revolutionary ideas of the 1922 code leading to two general clauses of quasi-strict and strict liabilities. Résumé: Le droit naturel et le libéralisme économique ont engendré le grand concept du droit privé européen moderne (liberté contractuelle, propriété, faute personnelle). Quasiment en parallèle, le processus de la révolution industrielle met en route une « autre modernité » dont les paradigmes sont les risques techniques, les entreprises et les assurances. La possibilité d'assurer des pertes dues à des activités économiques à risques et l'opportunité de pouvoir en répartir les coûts sur la société créent un besoin des formes plus strictes de la responsabilité des entreprises au-delà de la responsabilité pour faute personelle. Cet article présente trois réponses différentes à ces challenges sociaux. L'Allemagne, avec son système mixte d'assurances sociales, legislation spéciale de Gefährdungshaftung et droit général de responsabilité pour faute, n'est qu'un éminent exemple des pays continentaux de l'Union Européenne. Les Etats-Unis adhèrent au principe de negligence du common law avec seulement quelques corrections marginales de stricte responsabilité. Le droit de responsabilité du nouveau code civil de la Fédération Russe combine l'héritage français aux idées révolutionnaires du code civil de 1922 et aboutit à deux clauses générales de responsabilité quasi-stricte et stricte.

Enlightenment, natural law and economic liberalism engendered the grand concept of modern private law. Nearly simultaneously the ongoing process of industrial revolution paved the path into another modernity. Its new paradigms were technical risks, enterprises and insurance. Insurability of losses caused by risky commercial activities created the demand for 'stricter' forms of liability beyond fault. The paper presents three different answers to these challenges to civil responsibility. Germany is but a prominent example for the continental EU member states with its mixed system of social insurance, special legislation on strict liability and general fault liability. The US adheres to the negligence system with only marginal corrections. The liability law of the new Russian civil code combines the French and German legal legacy with the revolutionary ideas of the 1922 code leading to two general clauses of quasi-strict and strict liability.