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Translation is slippery art that compounds the problems of the inherent instability of language with the unruly process of duplicating it in another system. The sliding that occurs in the translation of multicultural poetry is even more pronounced since the distance from "the norm" becomes greater and greater. This is true firstly because poetry is a genre that strives for verbal concision and innovation in a playful defiance of norms that pique the reader's imagination; and secondly because the multilingual poet often involves a second language —either in its original form or as a translation into the language of composition—to enhance sound and cultural imagery. Latino poetry generally glides along on the linguistic and cultural tension inherent in both its poeticity and its English/Spanish and Latino/Anglo dualities that challenge normative discourse. Therefore, the translation of this verse must also produce for the reader a similarly slippery tension, a task that Fabián Iriarte and I constantly grappled with in the editing of a recent bilingual anthology, Usos de la imaginación: poesía de l@s latin@s en EE.UU.

The translation of multicultural poetry is as challenging as it is creative. In this verse, meaning is transmitted through a defiance of norms, firstly because poetry is a genre that strives for verbal concision and innovation; and secondly because the multilingual poet involves another language —either in its original form or as a translation into the language of composition—to enhance sound and cultural imagery. In order to translate this type of poetry, it is necessary to analyze traditional translations of multicultural literature to establish what the reader's expectations are, if any, regarding this writing technique. Also, as implicit translations embedded within the lines create a tangible heteroglossia, this element must be considered and conveyed as such in the new version. In this study, the ideas on polylingualism in literature discussed by Mikhail Bakhtin, Meir Steinberger, Walter Mignolo, and Paul Bandia are first weighed, and then an examination of the actual Spanish versions of U.S. Latino poetry published in Usos de la imaginación: poesía de l@s latin@s en EE.UU helps crystallize the problems and strategies involved in the translation of multicultural literature.

La traducción de la poesía multicultural es una tarea tan desafiante como creativa. En esta lírica, se transmite el sentido a través de un cuestionamiento de las normas, primero porque la poesía es un género que busca la concisión verbal y la innovación; segundo porque el poeta multicultural involucra otra lengua—en su forma original o como traducción a la lengua de composición—para enriquecer las imágenes sonoras y culturales. Para traducir este tipo de poesía, es necesario investigar modos tradicionales de traducir la literatura multicultural para así establecer cuáles son, si existen, las expectativas de lectura. También, ya que las traducciones implícitas crean una heteroglosia tangible, hay que considerar este factor y transmitirlo en la nueva versión. En este estudio, se examina las ideas sobre el uso de polilingüismo en la literatura expuestas por Mikhail Bakhtin, Meir Steinberger, Walter Mignolo y Paul Bandi, y luego se analizan las traducciones al castellano de poesía latina realizadas para el libro Usos de la imaginación: poesía de l@s latin@s en EE.UU para llegar a una cristalización de los problemas y posibles soluciones para la traducción de la literatura multicultural.

Debate about the appropriateness of using self-reported communication as a proxy for observable communication in studies of organizational communication networks has created a paradox for network researchers that diverges along classic lines of individualism and collectivism. The inability of either to resolve fundamental theoretical challenges of the other suggests need for an alternative approach. Working from a situationalist perspective, this laboratory study looked to two important characteristics of the collective context to explain divergences of self-reported from observed communication behavior. Members' perceived relationship to the group explained 59% of the variance in the average size of their commission errors, and the collective communication load on members explained 61% of the variance in their number of omission errors. A revised model of the relationship between the perceived network and observable communication is proposed. It includes social-cognitive processes that govern the perception of links and social activation processes that connect perceptions to concrete situations where messages are exchanged.

Many physicians are adopting patient portals in response to governmental incentives for meaningful use (MU), but the stage 2 requirements for portal use may be particularly challenging for newer electronic health record (EHR) users. This study examined enrollment, use based on MU requirements, and satisfaction in a recently adopting fee-for-service multispecialty system. Between 2010–2012, overall portal enrollment increased from 13.2% to 23.1% but varied substantially by physician specialty. In 2013, over 97% of physicians would have met requirements for a stage 2 MU utilization measure requiring that patients download personal health information, but only 38% of all physicians (87% of primary care physicians [PCPs] and 37% of other specialists) would have met e-mail requirements. Satisfaction with the portal overall and with portal-based e-mails was high. These results suggest that later-adopting PCPs can succeed in providing satisfactory record and e-mail access but specialists may find reaching e-mail thresholds more difficult.

Examines the preferences & meanings of labels for white Americans to argue that they represent expressions of white US identity. On questionnaires, 371 white college students rated labels in terms of preference & indicated meanings they commonly attached to the designations. Most students preferred the label "white," followed by Caucasian, white American, & European American. The least preferred labels were Euro-American, Anglo, & white Anglo Saxon Protestant, which were associated with derogatory meanings indicating racism & feelings of superiority. There was a high overall pattern of agreement with few definitions for the most preferred terms. A multiperspective interpretation, incorporating social psychological & critical explanations, suggests that the uniformity of the answers reflects a lack of awareness about the meaning of being white that hides white power & also denotes unrealistic feelings of equality that obscure current realities. Suggestions are made for further research. 5 Tables, 63 References. J. Lindroth