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AbstractThis article presents a historical overview of the late 20th‐century advent of financialization, that is, the unprecedented growth of the financial sector. We summarize its origins and consequences, particularly greater income inequality. An econometric model quantifies the relationship. We conclude that along with higher unemployment and an eroding minimum wage, the growth of the U.S. financial sector has contributed to the exacerbation of inequality in recent decades.

THE AUTHOR LOOKS AT THE MANDATE OF AMERICAN POLITICAL CONSERVATISM AND THE CURRENT STATE OF MOVEMENT AS IT STRIVES TO RECREATE THE VERSION OF LIMITED GOVERNMENT IMPLICIT IN THE U.S. CONSTITUTION.

Sap-feed trees of the yellow-bellied glider
(Petaurus australis reginae) were located in a 1600-ha
site in north Queensland by aerial survey and ground survey. The ground survey
located 77 active sap-feed trees, of which only seven were seen from the
air.Thus we conclude that aerial survey is not a reliable means of censusing
yellow-bellied glider populations. Sap-feeding scars made by gliders were
found only on Eucalyptus resinifera even though four
other species of Eucalyptus, which are used for
sap-feeding in New South Wales, were also present in the area.In addition to
the active feed trees, we found 156 trees with old sap-feeding scars, giving a
total of 233 scarred trees in all.All but two of these were located within 500
m of mature E. grandis trees, which are believed to be
the prime source of glider dens.Of the E. resinifera
trees with diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm in the study area
1.06% were scarred and 0.35% were in active use by the
gliders.The sap-feed trees had significantly fewer other trees in their
immediate vicinity than the mean for all E. resinifera
trees in the study area.The early stages of rainforest invasion investigated
here did not indicate a reduction in use for sap-feeding by gliders.However,
in the long-term E. resinifera is unable to thrive or
reproduce within a rainforest, suggesting that the gliders' habitat will
be reduced as the E. resinifera trees die out.

In this paper an organisational approach is used to study the timing, duration, and outcome of the policymaking on public provision of local authorities. The organisation is considered as an intervening analytical level that bridges the gap between the effect of individual actors and that of the structure of society on the geography of public provision. Drawing on the literature of organisation theory, we analyse the effects of processes within organisations to help explain variation in public provision between authorities. The separate and combined effects of three major organisational concepts are examined: Scrutiny, conflict, and centralisation. These concepts are applied to policy innovation in four English local authorities, and specifically to their policies for the adoption of new technology in schools. Although the separate effects of the concepts help our understanding, it is their interaction which makes a significant contribution to the explanation of the timing and duration of policy innovation, as well as explaining the policy outcome, which was the aim of most previous work. Further understanding is gained when these concepts are set within the context of the overall structure and behaviour of the organisation.

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this record ; The full author list is available in the online article at the DOI in this record ; Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests. ; Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd ; European Union Horizon 2020 ; Brazilian National Research Council ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) ; Vetenskapsrådet ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo ; Villum Fonden