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AbstractThe paper examines aspects of social change in village England, conditioned by processes of industrial and occupational transformation. In the first part, the findings of various Census studies on migration streams, industrial and employment change are summarised. These point to the widespread decentralisation of both population and economic activity ‐ away from the metropolitan cores‐ throughout Britain. Important local variations are commented upon. From theories of capitalist restructuring, it is argued that the national relocation of employment has had an impact on the rural localities, effectively recomposing these places within a number of spatial divisions of labour. The second part involves an examination of the structure and social divisions of labour markets available to rural residents, using comparative data from five localities. Processes operating to increasingly differentiate and specialise particular markets for labour power are evident. The paper concludes with a typology of differentiated labour markets ‐ to be used as the basis for future research ‐together with some comments on the study of the class structure of 'rural society".ResumeCet article détaille quelques aspects du changement social de ľAngleterre rurale, en fonction des transformations de ľindustrie et du marché de ľemploi. Ľauteur résume ?abord les données suustiques issues des recensements concernant les flux migratoires, ľindustrie et ľemploi: il en ressort une vaste décentralisation de la population et de ľactivitééconomique à partir des zones métropolitaines vers toute la Grande‐Bretagne, même si on note ?importantes différences locales. Partant ?une théorie de la restructuration du capitalisme, ľauteur en montre les effets sur les zones rurales qui sont effectivement transforméers àľintérieur de nouvelles formes de division spatiale du travail. Comparant ensuite cinq espaces locaux il analyse la structure et les segmentations du marché du travail accessible aux ruraux: ľévolution va incontestablement vers une différenciation et une spécialisation croissantes des marchés locaux de main ?oeuvre. Il propose en conclusion une typologie de ces marchés du travail, assortie de réflexions sur la structure de classe de la "société rurale", typologie qui pourrait servir de base pour des recherches futures.KurzfassungIn dem Artikel werden Aspekte des sozialen Wandels im dörflichen England untersucht, die mit wirtschaftlichen und beruflichen Veränderungsprozessen zusammenhängen. Im ersten Teil werden die Ergebnisse verschiedener statistischer Analysen über Wanderungsströme sowie Veränderungen der Wirtschafts‐ und Beschäftigungsstrukturen zusammenfassend dargestellt. Diese weisen auf eine weitverbreitete Dezentralisierung der Bevölkerung und Wirtschaft ‐ abseits der städtischen Zentren ‐ in ganz Großbritannien hin. Wichtige lokale Besonderheiten werden aufgezeigt. Aufgrund von Theorien über die kapitalistische Umstrukturierung wird gefolgert, daß die staatliche regionale Beschäftigungspolitik Einfluß auf die ländlichen Standorte ausübte, indem diese innerhalb der vielfältigen räumlichen Arbeitsteilung wirkungsvoll umgestaltet wurden. Der zweite Teil beinhaltet eine Untersuchung der Struktur und sozialen Differenzierung der Arbeitsmärkte für die ländliche Bevölkerung, wobei Vergleichsdaten aus fünf Gemeinden herangezogen werden. Es werden Prozesse der zunehmenden Differenzierung und Spezialisierung von Teilarbeitsmärkten deutlich. Der Beitrag endet mit einer Typologie unterschiedlicher Arbeitsmärkte ‐ als Basis für zukünftige Forschungen ‐ und einigen Bemerkungen zur Untersuchung der Klassenstniktur der "ländlichen Gesellschaft".

Book reviewed in this article:Capitalism and countryside: rural sociology as political economy: Newby, H. 1977: The deferential worker — a study of farm workers in East Anglia.Capitalism and countryside: rural sociology as political economy: Newby, H., Bell, C., Rose, D. and Saunders, P. 1978: Property, paternalism and power — class and control in rural England.Capitalism and countryside: rural sociology as political economy: Newby, H. 1980: Green and pleasant land? — social change in rural England.

List of figures -- List of tables. Part 1 Introducing evolving work: employing self and community : Centring: releasing GENE-IUS: integrity at work. Part 2 South: employing the community : Chinyika: grounding local people: communal identity to communal upskilling -- Civil economy: gift relationship to emancipatory work -- Relational sociology: collaborative platforms to humane working -- Employing community: communal confederalism to women's communes. Part 3 East: employing the self : The noetics of nature: self realisation to divine trade -- Economics of the household: home working to partner with others -- Commonwealth: ethical egoism to sustainable livelihood -- Sarvodaya: dignified work to multiple capitals. Part 4 North: beyond employment: work as recreation : The quest for meaning: agape economics to rehoming work -- Critique of political economy; sustainable employment to regenerative work -- The otium of the people: automated work to work as recreation -- Open source: immaterial labour to social networking. Part 5 West: transforming employment: self, enterprise and new community : Post-liberalism: transformed workplaces to blockchain distribution -- Basic income: valuing identity to people's fund -- Social credit: national balance to citizen's dividend -- Integral banking: communitalism to communipreneurship -- Evolving work: employing community, self and enterprise. Index.

The idea of Self and the authenticity of particular identities have been rapidly dissolving in the acids of post-modern globalising capitalism. The hegemony of patterns of work, wage-labor and the operation of labour markets in the American West (and European North) has ridden rough-shod over distinctive ways of enabling communities to flourish in many parts of the Southern and Eastern worlds (Global South) But, this is not inevitable. Indeed, as this book indicates, there are many practical examples across the globe - that connect with some of the most significant theoretical challenges to the operation of dehumanising work - which reveal that a profound reversal is taking place. As such, the core theme of this book is to show that a movement is occurring whereby self-employment can be transformed into communal work that employs the Self in ways that release the authentic vocations of people, individually and collectively. The approach taken in these chapters traverses the globe, utilising the original 'integral worlds' model that will be familiar to students of the Trans4M/Routledge Transformation and Innovation series, developed over more than a decade. Such a standpoint points the way to the release of particular social and economic cultures in each of what we term the four "realities" or "worldviews" of South, East, North and Western worlds. In this book we use the methodology of GENEalogy - identifying the realms associated with each world - to show how the rhythms, that is Grounding, Emergence, Navigation and Effect, of each is leading to greater economic, social and spiritual freedom for individuals, organisations, communities and, indeed, entire societies