Suchergebnisse

What accounts for the paradoxical militarization, which occurs simultaneously to processes of cooperation in Defence in the South American region? With an analysis informed by a theoretical framework which combines the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) with the English School of International Relations approach and based on systematic review methodology, this research seeks to contribute to answering this question in order to understand International Security in South America. Evidence suggests the centrality of the regional primary institutions, which both stimulate and restrain conflicts, but also effective cooperation and integration in the region, remaining a security regime. ; Cosa spiega la militarizzazione paradossale, che si verifica contemporaneamente ai processi di cooperazione nella difesa nella regione sudamericana? Con un'analisi informata su un quadro teorico che combina la Teoria del Complesso di Sicurezza Regionale (RSCT) con l'approccio della Scuola Inglese di Relazioni Internazionali e basato sulla metodologia di revisione sistematica, questa ricerca ha l'obiettivo di contribuire a rispondere a questa domanda al fine di comprendere la sicurezza internazionale nel sud America. Le prove suggeriscono la centralità delle istituzioni primarie regionali, che stimolano e frenano sia i conflitti sia un'efficace cooperazione e integrazione nella regione, rimanendo un regime di sicurezza. ; O que explica a militarização paradoxal, que ocorre simultaneamente aos processos de cooperação em Defesa na região sul-americana? Com uma análise informada em referencial teórico que combina a Teoria do Complexo de Segurança Regional (RSCT) com a abordagem da Escola Inglesa de Relações Internacionais e com base em metodologia de revisão sistemática, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de contribuir para responder a essa pergunta, a fim de compreender a Segurança Internacional em América do Sul. Evidências sugerem a centralidade das instituições primárias regionais, que estimulam e restringem os conflitos e a cooperação e integração eficazes na região, permanecendo um regime de segurança.

What accounts for the paradoxical militarization, which occurs simultaneously to processes of cooperation in Defence in the South American region? With an analysis informed by a theoretical framework which combines the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) with the English School of International Relations approach and based on systematic review methodology, this research seeks to contribute to answering this question in order to understand International Security in South America. Evidence suggests the centrality of the regional primary institutions, which both stimulate and restrain conflicts, but also effective cooperation and integration in the region, remaining a security regime.

While South America made significant strides in regional security cooperation since the 1990s, more recently the region seems to have entered a process of backsliding from its cooperative achievements and towards mere coexistence. This article proposes that an English School approach allows for a nuanced assessment of regional security cooperation. It contributes to the analysis of regional international societies and regional organisations as markers of fundamental institutional change. While scholars have studied how regional organisations shape the fundamental institutions of regional international societies as they emerge and evolve, little research has been done on whether a decline in regional organisations can lead to changes in the fundamental institutions of regional international societies. Using a set of indicators for coexistence and cooperative international societies, we analyse whether there is evidence of backsliding from cooperation to coexistence in South America with regard to three different types of security challenges: interstate conflict and militarisation; inter-mestic repercussions of internal conflict and violence; and extra-regional influences. We argue that a decline in regional organisations exacerbates those challenges, as they are no longer mitigated through institutionalised diplomatic procedures. However, despite the organisational decline, fundamental institutions in South America have so far proven relatively resilient.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to analyze China's trade and investment relations with Latin America, especially with Brazil and MERCOSUR in the context of the international economic crisis. In a scenario in which commodity prices appear to remain low, the region increases its dependence on China. Thus, the Chinese take advantage to advance on the economies of the region, increasing reprimarization of the economies of these countries.

The aim of this article is twofold: provide a brief review of the most recent handbooks of International Security in Latin America published in English language and, by doing so, provide a brief mapping and evolution of the main themes, issues and theories used to study the international security in Latin America as these are reflected in these handbooks. In a region where many scholars diagnose a theoretical and methodological gap/ deficiency, the four handbooks selected in this text pave the way to more powerful approaches to understand and explain security and defense in Latin America.

Resumen: La tensión entre las libertades fundamentales y seguridad nacional se hace mucho más problemática con el proceso de complejidad de la sociedad, de la globalización, transnacionalización, el vertiginoso desarrollo tecnológico, la creciente interdependencia y interconexión entre personas, países y continentes. Con nuevos riesgos e amenazas, hay una compleja y difícilbúsqueda de respuestas adecuadas para el nuevo panorama estratégico. El problema está en precisar correctamente los límites entre seguridad nacional y la protección de los intereses nacionales, respetando y proyectando las libertades fundamentales de los ciudadanos.Palabras clave: Agencias de Inteligencia; Seguridad Nacional; Libertades Fundamentales. Abstract: The tension between fundamental freedoms and national security has become more complex in the process of globalization, transnationalization, rapid technological development, increasing interdependence and interconnection among people, countries and continents. The new risks and threats request a complex and difficult search for the adequate answers base on this new strategic scenario. The problem is to correctly define the boundaries between national security and the protection of national interests, respecting and protecting citizens' fundamental freedoms.Keywords: Intelligence Agencies; National Security; Fundamental Freedoms. Resumo: A tensão entre as liberdades fundamentais e a segurança nacional torna-se muito mais complexa com o processo de globalização, transnacionalização, rápido desenvolvimento tecnológico, interdependência crescente e interligação entre pessoas, países e continentes. Com os novos riscos e ameaças há uma busca complexa e difícil de respostas adequadas ao novo cenário estratégico. O problema é definir corretamente as fronteiras entre a segurança nacional e a proteção dos interesses nacionais, respeitando e protegendo as liberdades fundamentais dos cidadãos.Palavras-chave: Agências de Inteligência; Segurança nacional; Liberdades Fundamentais.

In a context of accelerated climate change, increasing scarcity, and global population growth, environmentalissues and natural resources have become a matter of heightened concern for international security.Competition for access to and use of scarce natural resources are increasingly part of the nations' geostrategicpolicies. South America, one of the richest regions in the world in terms of natural resources, especiallywater, attracts the international interest. This article builds up a picture of such water resources and presentsevidence suggesting the urgent need for more effective cooperation among South American states to establishguidelines for the management and defense of the region's natural wealth.

A questão ambiental e dos recursos naturais, pela mudança climática em curso, crescente escassez e aumento populacional global, se tornou motivo de preocupação e de segurança internacional. A América do Sul se insere nesse contexto devido à sua riqueza natural e hídrica, o que desperta interesse internacional e torna latente a necessidade de marcos regulatórios para essas questões. O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um panorama dos recursos naturais sul-americanos, especialmente da água, buscando não apenas ressaltar como esse tema ganha espaço no cenário internacional e no âmbito da segurança, mas evidenciando a necessidade premente de ações compartilhadas entre os Estados sul-americanos na construção de diretrizes para o manejo e defesa dessa riqueza natural da região, algo que envolve inclusive interesses globais. ABSTRACTThe environmental and natural resources issues, because of the ongoing climate change, the growing scarcity, and the global population growth have become a cause of concern and international security. South America is inserted in this context due to its natural and water richness, which attracts international interest and makes latent the need for regulatory frameworks in this area. The objective of this article is draw a scenery of the South American natural resources, especially water, not only to highlight how this issue gains space in the international scene and in the area of international security, but highlighting the urgent need of shared actions among the southern americans states on the construction of guidelines for the management and the defense of this natural wealth of the region, something that involves global interests.Palavras-Chave: Recursos Naturais; América do Sul; Recursos Hídricos; Segurança Internacional; Meio AmbienteKeywords: Natural Resources; South America; Water Resources; International Security; Environment Recebido em 30 de Janeiro de 2018 | Aceito em 24 de março de 2018.Received on January 30, 2018 | Accepted on March 24, 2018.