Suchergebnisse

Ovaj rad bavi se pitanjem odnosa znanosti i politike te društvene odgovorno‎sti znanosti tijekom društvenih kriza koje imaju posljedice za preživljavanje ‎i dobrobit građana. Temelji se na analizi podataka devet intervjua provedenih ‎s hrvatskim biomedicinskim stručnjacima koji su tijekom pandemije korona‎virusa (2020-2022) bili na samoj fronti, bilo da su bili uključeni u donošenje ‎pandemijskih mjera, bilo da su se bavili ublažavanjem posljedica. Rezultati ‎pokazuju da je znanost tijekom krize imala unutarnje rasprave, no najviše u ‎fokus dolazi kompleksan odnos politike i znanosti te znanosti i medija, a po‎sljedično se teškoće iz tih odnosa pretaču na odnos znanosti i javnosti – gra‎đana. Rad te nalaze razmatra u kontekstu različitih argumentacija društvene ‎odgovornosti znanosti, ali podvlači i važnost razumijevanja društveno-politič‎kog konteksta i upravljanja politikama u stalnom razgovoru sa svim važnim ‎sektorima društva.‎‎

Analiza novačkog sustava pokazala je da formalnopravni okvir, kao i nedostatno definiranje ciljeva politike osposobljavanja mladih istraživača u Hrvatskoj, generiraju neka od obilježja radnopravne nesigurnosti ili prekarnosti na tržištu rada poput neizvjesnosti budućeg zapošljavanja i/ili zadržavanja niše u profesiji. No, podaci o uspješnosti novačkog sustava ukazuju na ozbiljne manjkavosti i u ishodima profesionalne socijalizacije što upućuje na probleme profesionalnog osposobljavanja u smislu reprodukcije znanja i vještina u okviru znanstvenog i visokoobrazovnog sustava. Ova kvalitativna studija istražuje koje su prepreke procesu profesionalne socijalizacije mladih istraživača u prirodnim i društvenim znanostima te koja je priroda i koje su okolnosti nastanka navedenih prepreka. Istraživanje putem polustrukturiranih intervjua provedeno na uzorku od 40 mladih istraživača iz različitih polja društvenih i prirodnih znanosti pokazalo je da su ozbiljne prepreke procesa profesionalne socijalizacije više povezane s načinom svakodnevnog praktičnog funkcioniranja znanstveno- novačkog sustava, nego sa samim radnopravnim okvirom. Tako su kao najveće prepreke u oba područja znanosti prepoznati problemi poput prekomjernog rada novaka u nastavi i/ili na tržišnim projektima trećih naručitelja, problemi s formalnom supervizijom i/ili mentorstvom, prepreke vezane uz nedostatno financiranje znanstvenih istraživanja, premali istraživački timovi i nedostatak stručnog i tehničkog osoblja, te problemi povezani s dominantnim vrijednostima akademske zajednice koje se izražavaju i kao generacijski jaz između mlađih i starijih istraživača. Rad zaključuje da unatoč činjenici da je novaštvo komparativno povoljniji formalnopravni okvir istraživačke socijalizacije u odnosu na internacionalna iskustva, praktično provođenje sustava upravo istraživačku, a naročito disciplinarnu socijalizaciju, često onemogućuje te da je kontradikcija formalnopravnog okvira i praktičnog funkcioniranja prisutna na svim socijalizacijskim razinama. Razmatrajući u istraživanju prepoznate probleme profesionalne socijalizacije mladih istraživača u svijetlu novijih znanstvenih politika, primjećuje se da one idu u smjeru povećanja radnopravne nesigurnosti mladih istraživača, a da pritom ne rješavaju aktualne probleme novačkog sustava, već ih potencijalno i produbljuju. (IN ENGLISH: Analysis of the scientific novice program has shown that a formal framework and the lack of definition of the policy objectives related to the training of young researchers in Croatia generate aspects of labour insecurity or labour precarity, such as future employment insecurity or inability and lack of opportunity to retain a niche in employment. However, the data on success of scientific novice program show serious deficiencies in professional socialization outcomes that are also pointing out to problems related to lack of skill and knowledge reproduction security within the science and higher education system. This qualitative study investigates what are the main obstacles of successful professional socialization of young researchers in natural and social sciences and analyses their nature together with the circumstances in which those obstacles occur. Analyses of the data gathered from the interviews with 40 young researchers from different fields of natural and social sciences have shown that existing serious obstacles and problems related to professional socialization are more related to the practical everyday functioning of the scientific novice program than to its formal framework. As most prominent obstacles respondents from both disciplines have recognized teaching burden and excessive workload related to commercial projects, problems related to formal supervision and/or mentorship, obstacles related to the lack of financial support of research projects, shortage of project staff and lack of technical personnel, together with the problems related to dominant values of domestic academic community that is often described as generation gap between younger and older researchers. Therefore, despite the fact that scientific novice program can be seen as somewhat more favourable framework for young researchers' socialization compared to international experiences, practical everyday functioning often makes research and especially disciplinary socialization impossible, and contradiction between formal framework and practical functioning of scientific novice program that exists on all levels of young researchers professional socialization is described. In conclusion, research findings on obstacles of young researcher socialization are commented within the context of recent science policy changes that are further deepening precarity of labour of young researchers, and, on the other hand, are not solving issues described in this study and related to the process of professional socialization, but are making them potentially even more profound.)

IN CROATIAN: Pojmovi pandemijskih društvenih praksi, kapitala i ekonomije brige uokviruju ovaj rad koji se bavi osjećajima, mislima i praksama žena tijekom karantene u prvom valu pande-mije bolesti COVID-19 u travnju 2020. godine u Hrvatskoj. Temelji se na uvidima dobive-nima online istraživanjem u kojem je sudjelovalo 213 visokoobrazovanih žena različite dobi. Postavljena pitanja bila su otvorena i omogućavala prikupljanje osobnih narativa: tražene su ključne riječi za koje sudionice smatraju da dobro opisuju svijet, njihovu obitelj i prijatelje te njih same za vrijeme pandemije kao i iskustva svakodnevnice i razmišljanja o vlastitom životu i budućnosti u kontekstu pandemije. Nalazi ovog istraživanja pokazuju da responzivne pan-demijske prakse prožimaju svakodnevnicu žena u karanteni, da su njihovi životi u karanteni rutinirani, emotivno kompleksni, kao i da su žene s malom djecom premorene i preopterećene te da karantena naglašava rodne nejednakosti. Odgovori sudionica također ilustriraju otpor-nost u kriznoj situaciji zahvaljujući dostupnim materijalnim resursima, ali i kako su neke od njih u prekarnim pozicijama i zabrinute za moguću nepovoljnu promjenu svog ekonomskog statusa. Otpornosti nekih od njih doprinose i kvalitetni odnosi s drugima kao i njihovi hobiji, koji uključuju vježbanje online joge ili pak online kulturne sadržaje. Učinci pandemije prema našim sugovornicama mogu uključivati ekonomsku krizu, produbljivanje nejednakosti, ogra-ničenja ljudskih sloboda te otuđenost među ljudima, ali i veću brigu za prirodu, politički i ekonomski zaokret prema održivijem društvu te jačanje solidarnosti. --- IN ENGLISH: The article draws on concepts such as pandemic social practices, economy of care and capi-tals in order to explore women's feelings, thoughts and practices during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Croatia in April 2020. It is based on on-line research which gathered the responses from 213 women of different age groups who, based on their educational level and profession, belong to the dominant class. The research consisted of a series of open questions which enabled the collection of personal narratives. Our study partici-pants noted key words they felt captured the world, their family and friends, and themselves during the pandemic as well as what their daily lives look like during lockdown and what thoughts they are having about their lives in the present and future. Our findings show that responsive pandemic practices shape everyday life during lockdown, that life during lockdown is routinised, emotionally complex, that women with small children are overburdened and ex-hausted and that lockdown sharpens gender inequalities. We find that being financially secure adds to our participants' resilience, as well as that some of them are in precarious positions and concerned about their financial prospects. Good relationships with others and hobbies, which include on-line yoga and on-line cultural practices, are also conducive to their resilience. According to the women participating in our study, the pandemic may result in an economic crisis, deepening inequalities, curbed personal freedoms and alienation among people, but it may also lead to more concern for nature, a political and economic shift to a more sustainable society and strengthened solidarity.

IN ENGLISH: This article reports on a study in which a new conceptual framework for fostering a positive attitude towards teaching in higher education (PATTHE) was developed. The PATTHE framework builds on a holistic four‐dimensional theoretical concept and is not limited by the specificity of teaching within a particular discipline or national higher education context. The four dimensions of PATTHE pertain to (a) emotional dimension, (b) professional development, (c) constructivist approaches to teaching, and (d) the teaching and research nexus; all of which are relevant for empowering quality teaching at personal, institutional and/or national higher education policy levels. The purpose of our study was to test and analyse this conceptual framework. Creative qualitative research methods were used including identification of keywords, evoking participant opinions through visual materials, reactions to vignettes, and by documenting discussions regarding the proposed PATTHE conceptual framework. A purposive and critically informed approach was used for the selection of twelve higher education experts as research participants. Responses from the selected education developers were collected through an online protocol system. Research results revealed that participant reflections on a positive attitude towards teaching showed a high level of agreement with the proposed conceptual framework; the proposed theoretical concept is thereby deemed well‐constructed and acceptable with minimal extensions. --- IN CROATIAN: Ovaj članak izvještava o studiji u kojoj je razvijen novi konceptualni okvir za poticanje pozitivnog stava prema nastavi u visokom obrazovanju (PATTHE). Okvir PATTHE temelji se na holističkom četverodimenzionalnom teorijskom konceptu i nije ograničen specifičnošću poučavanja unutar određene discipline ili nacionalnog konteksta visokog obrazovanja. Četiri dimenzije PATTHE odnose se na (a) emocionalnu dimenziju, (b) profesionalni razvoj, (c) konstruktivistički pristup poučavanju i (d) nastavnu i istraživačku povezanost; sve su to relevantne za osnaživanje kvalitetne nastave na osobnoj, institucionalnoj i / ili nacionalnoj razini politike visokog obrazovanja. Svrha našeg istraživanja bila je testirati i analizirati ovaj konceptualni okvir. Korištene su kreativne kvalitativne metode istraživanja, uključujući identifikaciju ključnih riječi, izazivanje mišljenja sudionika kroz vizualne materijale, reakcije na vinjete i dokumentiranje rasprava o predloženom konceptualnom okviru PATTHE. Namjenski i kritički utemeljen pristup korišten je za odabir dvanaest stručnjaka za visoko obrazovanje kao sudionike istraživanja. Odgovori odabranih programera obrazovanja prikupljeni su putem internetskog sustava protokola. Rezultati istraživanja otkrili su da su razmišljanja sudionika o pozitivnom stavu prema nastavi pokazala visoku razinu slaganja s predloženim konceptualnim okvirom; predloženi teorijski koncept stoga se smatra dobro konstruiranim i prihvatljivim s minimalnim proširenjima.

Despite the fact that state socialism promoted the employment of women and, at least formally, gender equality as means of societal modernization, the prevailing picture of the Southeast European region is one of rather traditional, patriarchic societies. The postcommunist transition was characterized by high social costs and political attempts at retraditionalization, particularly through the increasingly public role of religion. At the same time, the societies were under more universal influence of modernity processes of individualization and permissiveness. Thus, it is difficult to assess in which direction, toward modernity or traditionalism, these societies are heading. In this article we analyze attitudes toward gender roles and women' s employment in Croatia. Using the South-East European Social Survey Project (SEESSP) data set (2003), we test several hypotheses linking respondents' attitudes with their socioeconomic characteristics as well as their upbringing. Our analyses have implications for gender policy in transitional economies that are burdened by consistently high unemployment rates, particularly among women, and by frequent, politically motivated, attempts at retraditionalization.

IN ENGLISH: Academic systems are undergoing changes in which the social organisation of research as well as patterns of scientific productivity in the humanities and social sciences progressively resemble those in hard sciences. The hard and soft sciences are increasingly converging. This development can be observed in (a) publishing patterns, (b) the division of research, and (c) the internationalisation of research. This study explored the extent to which these changes occurring in academic systems in terms of a transformation of disciplinary practices are also becoming a trend in transitional post‐socialist countries. We used Croatia as a case of a post socialist transitional context and compared it to Slovenia, a country with a similar past but somewhat different science policies and strategies. The results point to increasing convergence in some soft disciplines, visible in projectification and internationalisation of academic work as well as a significant change in the publishing patterns. --- IN CROATIAN: Akademski sustavi prolaze kroz promjene u kojima društvena organizacija istraživanja, kao i obrasci znanstvene produktivnosti u humanističkim i društvenim znanostima progresivno nalikuju onima u tvrdim znanostima. Tvrde i meke znanosti sve se više približavaju. Taj se razvoj može primijetiti u (a) obrascima objavljivanja, (b) podjeli istraživačkog posla i (c) internacionalizaciji istraživanja. Ovo je istraživanje bavi se pitanjem u kojoj mjeri ove promjene u vidu transformacije disciplinske prakse također postaju trend u tranzicijskim postsocijalističkim zemljama. Koristili smo Hrvatsku kao slučaj postsocijalističkog prijelaznog konteksta i uspoređivali je sa Slovenijom, zemljom sa sličnom prošlošću, ali ponešto drugačijom znanstvenom politikom i strategijom. Rezultati ukazuju na sve veću konvergenciju u nekim mekim disciplinama, vidljivu u projektifikaciji i internacionalizaciji akademskog rada, kao i na značajnu promjenu u obrascima objavljivanja.

IN ENGLISH: Due to the concern that achieving human wellbeing through material development is "costing the Earth," mental model was developed to show in a single image the aspiration of social foundations of development to be achieved and biospheric boundaries not to be crossed. Anthromes analysis, combined with the cultural imperative of maintenance of global sustainability through coordinated transformation of social metabolism and its environmental impact, makes nation states the immediately available units of sustainability modeling. In this century humans must meet their needs equitably within the biophysical means of the planet. A downscaling of planetary boundaries and social wellbeing foundations (thresholds) to national level through calculations of the impacts and attainments of nation states'socioeconomic activities makes the doughnut model a conceptual tool bringing sustainability closer to political a and organizational impact. To visualize the scale and the possible pathways for the transformation of national and global sociometabolic practices in the 21st century within the "degrowth doughnut" includes the boundaries and thresholds in three domains: cultural, socioeconomic, and biophysical. This way it aims to avoid the conceptually paralyzing trade-off between exclusively biophysical boundaries and exclusively social thresholds of the other doughnut models. Understanding that excesses and shortfalls of current and foreseeable socio-metabolic practices exist in cultural, socioeconomic, and biophysical aspects of nations'social metabolism allows us to build on nations'sustainability potentials. The aim of the model and its visual tool is to inform their populations about the direction and scale of the change strategies that they could adopt to contribute to the global effort of maintaining the planetary population within the safe and just operating space of the doughnut under known advantages and constraints of the 21st century. --- IN CROATIAN: Uslijed zabrinutosti da postizanje dobrobiti ljudi kroz materijalni razvoj "skupo košta Zemlju", razvijen je mentalni model čija je svrha u jednoj slici prikazati težnju za postizanjem društvenih temelja razvoja koje treba doseći te granica biosfere koje ne treba prijeći. Analiza antropogenih bioma (anthromes), u kombinaciji s kulturnim imperativom održavanja globalne održivosti kroz koordiniranu transformaciju društvenog metabolizma i njegova utjecaja na okoliš, čini nacionalne države neposredno dostupnim jedinicama modeliranja održivosti. U ovome stoljeću ljudski rod mora ispunjavati svoje potrebe u skladu s biofizičkim resursima planeta. Snižavanje granica planeta i temelja društvene dobrobiti (graničnih vrijednosti) na nacionalnu razinu kroz izračune utjecaja i dostignuća socioekonomskih aktivnosti nacionalnih država čini model krafne konceptualnim instrumentom koji održivost približava političkom i organizacijskom utjecaju. Radi predočavanja opsega i mogućih puteva transformacije nacionalnih i globalnih društvenometaboličkih praksi 21. stoljeća unutar "krafne odrasta" uključene su granice i granične vrijednosti u tri domene: kulturnoj, socioekonomskoj i biofizičkoj. Tako se nastoji izbjeći konceptualno paralizirajući kompromis između isključivo biofizičkih granica i isključivo društvenih graničnih vrijednosti drugih modela krafne. Shvaćajući da višak i manjak sadašnjih i predviđenih društvenometaboličkih praksi postoji u kulturnim, socioekonomskim i biofizičkim aspektima društvenog metabolizma nacionalnih država upućuje nas na razmatranje potencijala održivosti nacionalnih država. Svrha modela i njegova vizualnog prikaza je informirati populacije tih država o smjeru i opsegu strategija promjene koje bi mogle usvojiti s ciljem doprinosa globalnom naporu u očuvanju populacije planeta unutar sigurnog i pravednog prostora djelovanja modela krafne u uvjetima poznatih prednosti i ograničenja 21. stoljeća.

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu Umwelt, Klimawandel und Umweltschutz.