Suchergebnisse

T he European Security & Defence Policy (ESDP) has brought new challenges for the relations between the European Union (EU) & NATO & also for the member states. Portugal has participated in ESDP since the beginning. In order to become a viable policy, ESDP has to develop an effective coordination between the ESDP planning mechanisms & the member states. It also has to create a strategic culture that brings together different member states views on power projection. ESDP must also refrain from damaging relations with NATO while bringing the EU member states into its own mechanisms. Adapted from the source document.

Although almost two decades passed on the end of the Cold War & the preponderance of so called civil wars in lieu of wars between states, the problem one ethnicity & ethnic violence continues to receive a special attention on the part of a great number of researchers from most diverse domains of the social sciences. The present article tries to make a critical review of the academic debates on the subject. For brevity's sake, we refer only to the most visible & widespread perspectives, here presented through three great schools of thought -- Primordialism, Instrumentalism & Constructivism. Throughout we seek to assess their respective strengths & weaknesses in the construction of strategies for conflict management. Adapted from the source document.

The UN has a large experience in conflict management, including preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping & peacebuilding. It faces serious difficulties in several cases of prevention & peacemaking, namely when it has to lead military operations where the use of force goes beyond self-defense. It has, however, immense comparative advantages in peacebuilding & the UN should concentrate its resources where its conflict resolution capacities are most efficient. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.