Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- Notes on contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Integrating work and family: changing institutions and competing logics -- Part I Current challenges of work-family dynamics: institutional differences -- 2 The logics of work, care and gender change in the new economy: a view from the US -- 3 Managing work-life tensions in the neo-liberal UK -- 4 Work and family cultures: dynamics of family change in southern Europe -- 5 Fathers integrating work and childcare: reconciling the logics? -- Part II Gendered logics and strategies of work and parenting -- 6 When work meets childcare: the competing logics of mothering and gender equality -- 7 Making sense of motherhood and fatherhood: competing moral discourses and logics of caring and work 'choices' in the UK -- 8 Hidden rules and competing logics: working fathers within organizations in Germany -- Part III Competing logics intensified: careers and elite professions -- 9 Long hours and the work devotion schema: the case of executive men in the United States -- 10 Nordic work-family regulations exported to a liberal context -- 11 Pregnancy as a career killer -- 12 Exploring the career logic within the Nordic work-family model -- Index

The co-location of home and work could enable parents to balance work and family life, but research has given contradictory results in regard to fathers who work at home. This article explores how the co-location of home and work in family farming affects fathers' involvement in childcare. Interviews were conducted with two generations of fathers in seven families who have lived and worked on the same farm. Results showed significant differences between the two generations. The older generation of fathers integrated childcare into work, while the current generation more often fathers in domestic spaces rather than work spaces. Moreover, father–child interaction now takes place away from the farm as well. This study demonstrates that the significance of the co-location of home and work for fathering depends on shifting cultural and social contexts, and underscores fathering practices as relational, contingent and variable.

This article pinpoints the ways in which gender identities have been constructed in the literature on gender relations and farming published over the past twenty years. It identifies three significant discourses in the research literature, namely the discourse of the family farm, the discourse of masculinisation and the discourse of detraditionalisation and diversity. The discourse of the family farm is hegemonic in agricultural gender research. It positions men as head of the family farm enterprise; women in the subordinate position of 'farm wives' defined by their dependency, their marriage and family related responsibilities. The second discourse accounts for the masculinisation of agriculture. Gender positions are transformed and men and masculinity are loosing power and dominance, while women are pictured as taking action and adjusting themselves to late modern life. The "discourse of detraditionalisation and diversity" focuses on the various positions that contemporary women and men have in relation to the farm.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Norwegian parental leave policy for fathers, the father's quota, which has reached a mature age of 26 years, asking how gender equality has been affected in working life.


Design/methodology/approach
Based on interviews with 28 fathers who have used the father's quota, the paper analyzes the connection between leave design, its use and impacts by using the design elements of individualization, generosity and non-transferability.


Findings
Findings show that in granting fathers an individual, earmarked and non-transferable right, the welfare state has contributed to turning leave taking into a norm for modern fathering. The generosity in terms of length and full wage compensation strengthens it as a right in working life. Fathers being paid their full wages for staying at home taking care of their child emphasize the dual-carer norm. The analyses show that the collision between fatherhood and the ideal of the unencumbered employee has weakened in many types of organizations.


Originality/value
The paper addresses the request put forward by Lewis and Stumbitz (2017) and Moss and Deven (2015) where they state that there has been little research addressing how parental leave is implemented in working life.

Based on interviews with fathers who stay home alone on parental leave in Norway, this article explores how the masculine identities of employed fathers may be affected by caring. Research on changing masculinities has been concerned with the reworking of men's gender identities into caring ones, and this article aims to add empirical knowledge on ways that parental leave for fathers may contribute to undoing gender. Findings support a development toward "caring masculinities" in which values and practices of care are integrated into masculine identities without degradation in masculine status. Self-worth is measured against building care competence and being able to contribute love to their children rather than acquisition of status and resources. Findings also show that fathers tend to interpret caring within conventional masculine activities such as "hard work" and outdoor challenges.

Cet article porte sur ce que font les pères norvégiens en congé parental sans la présence de leur conjointe. La Norvège a instauré un quota de congés dédié aux pères, au sein d'un système de congés parentaux en place depuis 1993. Depuis cette date, ce quota a été étendu de quatre à dix semaines aujourd'hui. À partir d'entretiens auprès de pères qui ont utilisé ce congé lors de son instauration en 1993 et auprès d'autres pères l'ayant pris entre 2009 et 2011, les auteures analysent les changements opérés dans leurs pratiques. Alors que pour la première génération de pères « à la maison » , s'occuper de l'enfant excluait la prise en charge des tâches ménagères, les pères actuels intègrent celles-ci au travail de soin. Ils paraissent également développer des compétences relationnelles et des liens émotionnels plus forts avec leur enfant, ainsi qu'un sentiment de responsabilité de leur bien-être les faisant passer du rôle d'aidant de la mère à celui de « coparent ».

AbstractDespite an abundant amount of international literature on fatherhood and fathering, there has been limited research on men's fathering practices in a rural/agricultural context. This article deals with two generations of farmers in Norway and their practices as fathers of young children, and shows how fathering practices have changed from the 1960s until today. While the older generation fathered in accordance with the expectation that their children would take over the farm and become farmers in the future, the younger generation of fathers practiced childcare more in terms of the contemporary norms of 'intensive' parenting. Contemporary farming fathers see it as important to equip children with skills and competences that are generally demanded in late modern society, with changes in the agricultural labour process being identified as influencing this change. Combined with the norms of modern childhood, the 'new parenting culture' strongly impacts on fathering practices for farming fathers. The study contributes knowledge to the ways in which family relations play an important role in succession processes in farming

This article analyzes how two different policy measures affect gender equality in child care. In the 1990s, Norway introduced two care policies reflecting different ideas about gender and family life. The fathers' quota policy supports the dual-earner family model while the cash-for-care scheme is based on a family model, providing cash benefits irrespective of the parent's work activities. The father's quota is a gendered policy because six weeks of the parental leave period is reserved for the father. Cash-for-care is gender neutral, in which working parents can choose which of them is to stay at home. The analysis is based on interview data from two studies, one on parental leave and one on cash-for-care. We find that the special quota for fathers has had a positive effect on the participation of fathers in child care. The cash-for-care system does not, however, challenge the existing gender structure in child care.

AbstractThis article draws on interviews with farm women and men who have experienced a family break up to analyse their experiences of gender expectations in family farming, their fear of stigmatisation and their receipt of help from the rural community. The interviews illustrate their compliance with dominant constructions of rural gendered moralities. Men struggled to live up to the ideals of rural masculinity, which centre on hard work, self‐sufficiency and mental strength. Women, who were strongly influenced by the moral norms of rural womanhood, managed to retain their feminine dignity as being caring and considerate of the family. Rural communities are often characterised as nurturing close relationships, but also as being pervaded by social control and gossip. Both women and men interpreted their break up as a private matter and deliberately avoided disclosing their relationship problems in order to protect themselves and their families from gossip, which made it difficult for them to seek and receive help from the rural community. While some of the hardships are recognisable for any divorced couple, the article is concerned with the rural farm particularities of the divorce situation.