Suchergebnisse

La place de l'islam dans la Constitution a été au centre des débats constitutionnels tunisiens entre 2011 et 2013. Pour surmonter les incompatibilités entre le programme constitutionnel d'Ennahdha se proposant d'islamiser les institutions et le droit, et celui des partis séculiers qui visait à garantir une nette séparation entre État et religion, les constituants ont eu recours à deux principaux procédés : l'incertitude sémantique, en reconduisant l'article 1 er de la Constitution de 1959 dans ses ambiguïtés rédactionnelles ; la créativité conceptuelle, à travers l'émergence d'une nouvelle notion, l'« État civil », que les deux camps pouvaient s'approprier, mais dans des significations qui pouvaient tantôt converger, tantôt diverger.

The reform of the family code enacted in Morocco in 2004 & in Algeria in 2005, reforms aiming to modernize the family institution, which as a result becomes more egalitarian for women & strengthens children's rights, is the outcome of a long & complex political process. The mobility of the positions & alliances of the actors in this process is a sign of the magnitude of the political reconfiguration underway: appropriation of the religious theme by all of the actors & semantic quarrels over the grammar of reform; resulting paralysis of national representative political bodies & mechanisms of appeal that refer to the scenario of authoritarian modernization, top-down reform, as well as modalities that challenge the viability of appeal procedures. Symptomatic of the judicialization of the political processes, the largely open debate on the application of the reform accompanying social transformations or, on the contrary, obliging society to conform to models imposed from the outside has made the figure of the judge emerge as the central actor in the reform. Adapted from the source document.

Elections in the Maghreb, which obtain little popular support since they do not necessarily reflect the stakes of power, are nonetheless, within the slow transition process occuring in the three central Maghreb countries, key events in the construction of the nation and its translation in the political system. In a slightly more open manner than before, the elections are characterised by deadlines, more or less adhered to, and procedural guarantees supposedly conforming to the rules of multi-party competition. However, the bicameral system in Algeria and Morocco, absenteeism and the parallel organisation of civil society highlight the ambivalence and vulnerability of systems which are really still being set up. (Monde Arabe Maghreb/DÜI)

Privatization in Morocco.
The 1989 Privatization Act transfers an appreciable part of Moroccan public enterprise to the private sector. It demonstrates a desire to promote the domestic economic actors, to readjust the regional economies, to improve public finances, to direct savings towards industrial employment Conditions for applying it raise numerous questions, due, in particular, to the very substantial powers granted the minister in charge of privatisation. Moreover, implementing these transfers implies parallel structural reforms (stock exchange, accounting standards, financial engineering, a policy for State borrowing) which condition the success of the operation.