Suchergebnisse

AbstractIn the historiography of Indian nationalism the didactic impact of the West is generally recognized but seldom detailed. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the nature of Ireland's contribution to the development of an Indian national consciousness in the formative phase of political awakening. It is hoped to establish that while many of the ideals of civic freedom and patriotism were derived from continental sources, the immediate lessons of a country struggling to free itself from the British 'colonial' yoke were provided essentially by Ireland. In this context, the model that will be studied for its impact on the mind of India's first generation of political leaders, belongs to the Irish Home Rule movement launched in 1870 and welded by Charles Stewart Parnell into a powerful anti-imperial force.

AbstractReligious sentiments have become a potent tool for political elites, altering national identities and citizenship criteria. This manipulation, driven by majoritarian ideologies, has marginalized religious minorities, leading to discrimination, violence, and legal persecution against them. Hindu, Islamic, and Buddhist nationalisms seem to collectively erode secular democracy in South Asia. Moreover, right‐wing populist leaders, notably Modi in India and the Rajapaksas in Sri Lanka, have merged religious nationalism with authoritarian political orientations posing a challenge to democratic foundations and impacting significantly on the dynamics of state and societal relations. This is the context in which this World Affairs 2024 special issue delves into the relationship(s) between religion, politics, and authoritarianism in the South Asian region. It examines the evolving "religion‐politics" nexus or "complex" to explicate the relationship between religion and authoritarianism, particularly with respect to authoritarian governments mobilizing religion as a readily available resource for popular political mobilization, legitimization, and power consolidation. India's BJP employs Hindutva ideology to marginalize minorities, Bangladesh's regime uses Islam for political legitimacy, and Sri Lanka's Sinhala‐Buddhist nationalism fosters exclusionary policies. By fostering social and cultural polarization, this fusion of authoritarianism with religious nationalism poses a serious challenge to the secular state. The articles in this special issue explore these themes comprehensively, delving into the ideological foundations of political decisions and their consequences for marginalized communities. By shedding light on this multifaceted interplay, the collection offers valuable insights into South Asia's sociopolitical landscape, serving as a vital resource for scholars, policy makers, and global observers seeking to understand the region's complex dynamics.

Chapter 1. Introduction (Howard Brasted, Imran Ahmed, Zahid Shahab Ahmed and Shahram Akbarzadeh) -- Chapter 2. The Coloniality of Postcolonial Discourses on Religion: Extremism, Exclusion and Distrust in India and Pakistan (Imran Ahmed) -- Chapter 3. Religion, Extremism and Buddhist-Muslim Relation in Sri Lanka (DB Subedi) -- Chapter 4. Social Media and Hindu Extremism in India (Stuti Bhatnagar) -- Chapter 5. Ram Was a Prophet Too: Syncretism as a Hindu Nationalist Political Strategy (Felix Pal) -- Chapter 6. Islamic State's Recruitment Strategies: The Case Study of Bangladesh (Shafi Md Mostofa and Howard Brasted) -- Chapter 7. Religious Extremism and Terrorist Recruitment: The Case of Al Qaeda in Bangladesh (Shafi Md Mostofa) -- Chapter 8. Mobilizing to Counter Violent Extremism in Pakistan: Innovative Undertakings of Non-State Actors (Anita M. Weiss) -- Chapter 9. Between God, the Nation, and the State: Paradoxes of Islamisation in Pakistan (Imran Ahmed) -- Chapter 10. Women and Violent Extremism in Pakistan: A Critical Assessment of Policies and Actions (Farah Naz and Zahid Shahab Ahmed).

Populism's shifting meanings and geographical diffusion / Alan Scott, D.B. Subedi, Howard Brasted and Karin von Strokirch -- Populism, nationalism and national identity in Asia / Howard Brasted and Imran Ahmed -- The strategic approach to populism / Paul D. Kenny -- Between people power and state power : the ambivalence of populism in international relations / Angelos Chryssogelos -- Growth, redistribution and populism in Asia / Ming-Chang Tsai and Hsin-Hsin Pan -- The populist radical right, gendered enemy, and religion : perspectives from South Asia since 2014 / Shweta Singh -- Charismatic leadership, leader democracy and populism in Asia / D.B. Subedi and Alan Scott -- Populism, media and communication in the Asia Pacific : a case study of Rodrigo Duterte and Pauline Hanson / Kurt Sengul -- Religion and populism in contemporary Asia / D.B. Subedi and Francis K.G. Lim -- Islam and populism in the Asia Pacific / Ihsan Yilmaz and Syaza Shukri -- Medical populism in the Asia Pacific / Gideon Lasco and Vincen Gregory Yu -- 'Inclusionary' populism and democracy in India / Paul D. Kenny -- From Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to Imran Khan : a comparative analysis of populist leaders in Pakistan / Zahid Shahab Ahmed -- Variants of populism in Bangladesh : implications of charisma, clientelism, cronyism and corruption / Habib Zafarullah -- Gender, populism and collective identity : a feminist analysis of the Maoist movement in Nepal / Heidi Riley, Hanna Ketola and Punam Yadav -- Contemporary Sri Lanka : nationalism meets 'soft populism' / D.B. Subedi and Siri Hettige -- Islamic nationalism, populism and democratization in the Maldives / Mosmi Bhim -- Democracy icon or demagogue? Aung San Suu Kyi and authoritarian populism in Myanmar (Burma) / Johanna Garnett -- The Duterte phenomenon as authoritarian populism in the Philippines / Bonn Juego -- Gender, media and populism : the vilification of First Lady Ani Yudhoyono in the Indonesian online news media / Jane Ahlstrand -- Weaponizing populism : how Thailand's civil society went from anti-populism to anti-democracy campaigns / Janjira Sombatpoonsiri -- South Korea : still the 'politics of the vortex'? : a historical analysis of party solidarities and populism / Kan Kimura -- Popular imagination, patriotic songs, and populism in the People's Republic of China / Xiang Gao -- Taiwanese populism in the shadow of China / Guy C. Charlton and Yayut Yi-shiuan Chen -- Populism in Japan : actors or institutions? / Toru Yoshida -- From populism to authoritarianism? : the contemporary frame of politics in Australia / Tim Battin -- Man alone : Winston Peters and the populist tendency in New Zealand politics / Luke D. Oldfield and Josh van Veen -- Are Fiji's two military strongmen populists? / Thomas A.J. White.

"This handbook brings national and thematic case studies together to examine a variety of populist politics from local and comparative perspectives in the Asia Pacific. The chapters consider key and cross cutting themes such as populism and nationalism, religion, ethnicity and gender, as well as authoritarianism. They show how populist politics alters the way governments mediate state-society relations. The essays in this volume consider: - diverse approaches in populist politics, for example, post-colonial, strategic vs ideational, growth and redistribution, leadership styles, and in what ways they are similar to, or different from, populist discourses in Europe and the USA; -under what social, political, economic and structural conditions populist politics has emerged in the Asia-Pacific region; -national case studies drawn from South and Southeast as well as the Pacific analyzing themes such as media, religion, Islam, gender, medical populism, corruption and cronyism, and inclusive vs exclusive forms of populist politics; -modes and techniques of social and political mobilization that populist politicians employ to influence people and their impact on the way democracy is conceived and practiced in the Asia Pacific. As a systematic account of populist ideologies, strategies, leaders and trends in the Asia Pacific, this handbook is essential reading for scholars of area studies, especially in the Asia Pacific, politics and international relations, and political and social theory"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- List of tables -- List of figures -- List of graphs -- Acknowledgements -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Populism's shifting meanings and geographical diffusion -- Part II Approaches and key issues -- 2 Populism, nationalism, and national identity in Asia -- 3 The strategic approach to populism -- 4 Between people power and state power: The ambivalence of populism in international relations -- 5 Growth, redistribution, and populism in Asia -- 6 The populist radical right, gendered enemy, and religion: Perspectives from South Asia since 2014 -- 7 Charismatic leadership, leader democracy, and populism in Asia -- Part III Cross-cutting themes -- 8 Populism, media, and communication in the Asia Pacific: A case study of Rodrigo Duterte and Pauline Hanson -- 9 Religion, secularism and populism in contemporary Asia -- 10 Islam and populism in the Asia Pacific -- 11 Medical populism in the Asia Pacific -- Part IV National cases -- 12 'Inclusionary' populism and democracy in India -- 13 From Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to Imran Khan: A comparative analysis of populist leaders in Pakistan -- 14 Variants of populism in Bangladesh: Implications of charisma, clientelism, cronyism, and corruption -- 15 Gender, populism, and collective identity: A feminist analysis of the Maoist movement in Nepal -- 16 Contemporary Sri Lanka: Nationalism meets 'soft populism' -- 17 Islamic nationalism, populism, and democratization in the Maldives -- 18 Democracy icon or demagogue? Aung San Suu Kyi and authoritarian populism in Myanmar (Burma) -- 19 The Duterte phenomenon as authoritarian populism in the Philippines -- 20 Gender, media, and populism: The vilification of first lady Ani Yudhoyono in the Indonesian online news media.

The book examines the various ways that fragile states (or states with limited statehood) in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas have adopted, and adapted to, the processes of liberal political governance in their quests to address the problem of political fragility. It presents the stories of resilience in the political adaptation to Western liberal conceptions of governance. In addition to singular or comparative country case studies, this project also examines the interplay of culture, identities, and politics in the creation of people-centric governance reforms. Towards these ends, this volume sheds light on weak states' often constructive engagement in the promotion of state governance with a variety of political conditions, adverse or otherwise; and their ability to remain resilient despite the complex political, sociocultural, and economic challenges affecting them. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the authors aim to counter the noticeable shortcomings in the discursive representations of fragility, and to contribute a more balanced examination of the narratives about and impact of political adaption and governance in people's lives and experiences.--