This article analyses Transformation Governance (t-Gov) models and strategies, seeking to contribute to the clarification of this concept. Using a literature review on the topic, the text discusses what is understood by Digital Transformation of the government in the context of the conceptual enlargement of the e-government for digital governance. The results show t-Gov as an adaptive model consisting of strategies that seek to create institutional conditions to enable a Digital Transformation process focused on users. The article concludes that citizen involvement and co-creation are the main elements of such strategies, and the aim of the t-Gov is to create contextualized mechanisms of digital governance to enable such elements
This report discusses the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), which is an agency of the Department of Commerce set up to advise on domestic and international telecommunications and information policies.
Creates the National Water Agency. ANA is a federal entity which implements the National Water Resource Policy and coordinates the National System of Water Resource Management in Brazil.
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to analyze how the Brazilian National Communications Agency (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações – Anatel) and cellular operators in Brazil used ceremonial and discursive practices to build enforcement and compliance actions, adopted during a period of crisis in the cellular sector industry in 2012 when the legitimacy of the respective regulatory model and the regulatory agent were challenged, shaping a compliance trap situation. Originality/value: The work fills a theoretical gap by associating the normative-cultural perspective of regulation associated with organizational institutionalism, based on the assertion that the relationship between regulator and regulated is interactive and not unidirectional, allowing that enforcement mechanisms represent political efforts, realigning the interests of the actors within their institutional environments. Design/methodology/approach: The case study research strategy with a qualitative approach is adopted, studying the 2012 crisis in the cellular sector industry, with the collection of data from documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with participants in the process. Findings: The results show that, in the compliance trap situation, symbolic criteria can appropriate the speeches, producing texts and practices in favor of legitimizing the enforcement mechanisms and the respective compliance responses in view of the audience. Therefore, the compliance trap risk on the regulatory agent is mitigated to the extent that ceremonial and discursive practices manifest themselves responsively and gain political and cultural support, reducing social pressure on the legitimacy of the regulation model.
AbstractGlobal diffusion of regulatory reforms in telecommunications has prevailed in many countries, engendering major institutional changes and entailing the establishment and/or reform of regulatory agencies. Although the triggers and timing of such agentification processes have been more or less similar, agency independence displays significant cross‐country variation. Seeking to explain such variation based on a sample incorporating middle‐income countries (MICs), this paper examines the impact of political‐institutional settings in which the agencies operate, in addition to the impact of economic parameters. Regression analysis reveals that political rights appear as the central parameter, while their impact is more robust in MICs than in advanced countries. The results underscore considerable cross‐national variation in regulatory governance, along with a noteworthy decoupling between MICs and advanced countries. Concurring with the regulatory regionalism perspective, the paper delineates distinct regional clusters, albeit remaining agnostic about the determinants of such clusters.
Na ADI 5.779, o Supremo Tribunal Federal decidiu pela inconstitucionalidade da Lei Federal que, contrapondo o entendimento técnico da Anvisa, autorizou a produção e comercialização no País de inibidores de apetite de eficácia e segurança controversas. Nos debates que precederam a decisão e explicitaram suas razões, o caso apontou para a valorização da competência técnica da Agência, mas indicou, também, parâmetros claros para a avaliação da constitucionalidade de leis de efeitos concretos em matéria sanitária, formando leading case na questão. ; In ADI 5.779, the Supreme Court ruled that a law that, against Anvisa's technical understanding, authorizes the production and sale of anorectic drugs of controversial efficacy and safety is unconstitutional. In the debates that preceded the decision and explained its reasons, the case pointed to the strengthening of the Agency's technical jurisdiction, but also indicated clear parameters for the assessment of the constitutionality of laws with concrete effects in health matters, establishing a leading case in the matter.
In this article we focus on the dynamic interplay between increase in autonomy of regulatory agencies and political control of those agencies. The general research issues are the weak empirical foundations of regulatory reforms, the complex trade-off between political control and agency autonomy, the dual process of deregulation and re-regulation, the problems of role-specialization and coordination, and the questions of "smart practice" in regulatory policy and practice. The theoretical basis is agency theories and a broad institutional approach that blend national political strategies, historical-cultural context, and external pressures to understand regulatory agencies and regulatory reform. This approach is contrasted with a practitioner model of agencies. Empirically the article is based on regulatory reform in Norway, giving a brief introduction to the reform and agency context followed by an analysis of the radical regulatory reform policy introduced recently by the current Norwegian government. We illustrate how regulatory reforms and agencies work in practice by focusing on two specific cases on homeland security and telecommunications. Adapted from the source document.
The development of the Polish telecommunications administration in the years 1989/90 to 2003 is marked by the processes of liberalisation and privatisation the telecommunications sector underwent during that period. The gradual liberalisation of the Polish telecommunications sector started as early as 1992. In the beginning, national strategies were pursued. The most important of these was the creation of a bipolar market structure in the local area networks. In the second half of the 1990ies the approaching EU membership accelerated the process of liberalisation and consequently the development of a framework of regulations. EU standards are more directed towards setting out a legal framework for regulation than prescribing concrete details of administrative organisation. Nevertheless, the independent regulatory agencies typical for Western Europe served as a model for the introduction of a new regulatory body responsible for the telecommunications sector in Poland. The growing influence of EU legislation changed telecommunications policy as well as administrative practices. There has been a shift of responsibilities from the ministry to the regulatory agency, but the question remains, if the agency gained enough power to fulfil its regulatory function. In the following the legislative framework created by the EU in telecommunications policy will be described and the model of independent regulatory agencies, as it is typical for most EU countries, will be introduced. Some categories for the analysis of the Polish regulatory system will be deduced from the discussion on the regulations of telecommunication in the established EU-Nations (see Böllhoff 2002 and 2003, Thatcher 2002a and 2002b, Thatcher/Stone Sweet 2002). Subsequently the basic features of Polish telecommunication policies in the 1990ies and its effects on the telecommunications sector will be outlined. In the third chapter the development of organisational structures on the ministerial level and within the regulatory agency will be examined. In the forth chapter I will look at the distribution of power and the coordination of the various authorities responsible for telecommunication regulations. The focus of this chapter is on the Polish regulatory agency and its relationships with the ministry, with the anti-monopoly office and with the Broadcasting and Television Council. In a conclusion, the main findings will be summed up.
FY 2013-2014. Project Lead: Harold Trinkunas & Anne Clunan ; In the _back yard_ of the United States, Brazil is a rising regional power whose aspirations for great power status will strengthen or undermine international nonproliferation efforts. Due to its advanced technological capacity and complete fuel cycle, it is important to understand if Brazil will shift its international strategy from a focus on diplomacy and economic development to incorporate new military capabilities such as WMD. The project_s aim is to increase the understanding of the regional security environment; security concerns of mutual interest; the role of Brazil in contributing to the global nonproliferation regime; and the strategic issues in shaping national policy, doctrine, and strategy in the Western Hemisphere. It will also raise awareness of the WMD threat, and ensure that the next generation_s perspectives are considered in the active efforts to counter the danger. ; Defense Threat Reduction Agency ; NA ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
This article looks at the European Union (EU) policy of technological "convergence," concentrating on the convergence of telecommunications & broadcasting. The underlying theme is that regulatory agencies are political actors & their actions need to be analyzed in the context of who benefits from the policy outcome. In addition, regulatory regimes are themselves variables in bureaucratic/institutional turf wars & in the political process. The specific case discussed here of DG XIII of the European Commission responsible for telecommunications provides an example of attempts by a regulatory agency to broaden the scope of its regulatory reach. It utilized a theoretical reconstruction of markets to justify alterations both at the EU & the national levels in regulatory regimes that would have had direct consequences in benefiting its allied telecommunications & Internet operators & in disadvantaging public service broadcasters. The article discusses the ensuing reactions to this intervention. It concludes that DG XIII's attempts to redefine markets & regulatory regimes in its own interests & in the interests of its traditional industrial allies have not only been thwarted, but have strengthened the sectoral-based regulatory regime it wished to displace, & have also undermined its own credibility as a regulator. 87 References. Adapted from the source document.
This article analyses Brazil's development assistance, which includes scientific and technical cooperation as well as, along with humanitarian aid and participation in peacekeeping operations. Scientific and technical cooperation involves promoting education, health and agriculture, applying new technologies in production and eliminating hunger and poverty in the developing countries. Brazil's policy began with a series of steps, starting with supporting national liberation movements in Africa and Asia, supporting the Non-Aligned Movement, increasing its participation in the North-South dialogue, and contributing to the formation of a new international economic order. Brazil promotes becoming an important instrument of foreign policy, which is based on principles of equal cooperation, respect for international law and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. Improving the mechanisms for development cooperation includes making sure aid is transparent, expanding partnerships in promoting development, attending to the needs of developing countries, moving away from direct transfers of money, and attracting and training the population of the recipient country. There are more than 100 federal government institutions in Brazil involved in international cooperation, which reflects the diversification of the country's foreign policy. The Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs plays an important role in systematizing the process of cooperation, defining the concept and implementing projects in the framework of bilateral, trilateral and multilateral cooperation and assistance to the countries of the world, especially in Latin America and Africa. For Brazil, promoting development is not limited to exchanging experiences in successful programme implementation, but also includes developing new models for scientific and technical cooperation that are the basis for innovative, complex projects that expand opportunities for national growth, the transnationalization of Brazilian business and increased foreign trade. ABC has been pursuing a new cooperation strategy since 2008 that involves a logical matrix for each project to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brazilian model of development assistance. Brazil's role in promoting development and its transition from donor to mediator is notable.
Brazil has the largest tropical rainforests in the world and most of them are located at Amazon River basin area. During the last three decades, deforestation are growing very fast in this region, having negative impacts at local and global weather. In order to minimize these impacts and protect part of the biodiversity, Brazilian government established several national forests in this area, but just one have being explored, the Tapajós National Forest (known as Flona Tapajós). This paper evaluates the economic and social features of a reduced impact logging project conducted at Flona Tapajós from 1999 to 2003. It was coordinated by IBAMA (the Brazilian governmental agency responsible for managing National Forests), funded by ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization) and conducted by Treviso Agropecuária Ltda (a private enterprise). This project is locally known as ITTO project. Basing on field interviews and examining IBAMA's and Treviso's documents, this paper concludes that ITTO project was highly profitable for the private company, in spite of the company had obeyed all Brazilian working laws, what is not very common at this Brazilian region. Treviso's internal rate of return was 35.79%. ITTO project impacted significantly the community workers involved with the project and it was able to teach this population how to manage rainforests in order to produce timber without destroying them. The paper ends by suggesting some attitudes that Brazilian government can follow in its discussion about new reduced impact logging projects to be implemented at Flona Tapajós and other national forests by both private enterprises and local communities.
