Suchergebnisse

Since the Maastricht Treaty, the EU has created 37 agencies and bodies covering nearly every aspect of our daily lives. However, agencies have always played a supporting role, serving national interests as well as those of Brussels, and their pivotal role in bringing those interests together is often overlooked. As agencies have increasingly been used as a solution for addressing the challenges facing Europe, their relationship with the European Commission, the Member States and EU citizens also needs to evolve as a model for European cooperation. A few guiding principles are relevant for this purpose, and have already been set out in a performance audit entitled "Future of EU agencies – Potential for more flexibility and cooperation" for which I had the pleasure to serve as the reporting Member to the European Parliament.

"Controlling EU Agencies launches the debate on how to build a comprehensive system of controls in light of the ongoing trends of agencification and Europeanisation of the executive in the EU. Expert multi-disciplinary contributors explore the potential of interconnecting different concepts and types of controls, as well as different outputs of EU agencies, to address the challenges and limitations that individual types of control present. Insightful chapters analyse these issues in relation to individual concepts of control - autonomy, accountability, effective judicial protection, deference, protection of fundamental rights, transparency, liability - as well as specifically for different types of agencies' outputs, including both soft and hard laws. Through the creation of a systemic view, the book suggests ways in which this system of controls may be improved for the future. Timely and engaging, this book will be of great interest to scholars and students of law, governance, public administration and political science, especially those investigating controls of public power. It will also provide an important resource for researchers and officials dealing with design and operation of EU agencies"--

The European Aviation Safety Agency has been given various regulatory and enforcement tasks. This chapter analyses controls over specific outputs by EASA – soft law and airworthiness directives – and discusses a new oversight support mechanism. It argues that when de facto or de jure legally binding decisions face limits of judicial controls due to the nature of such decisions or judicial deference, ex ante controls, transparency requirements and political accountability seem essential and could be seen as mitigating for the challenges of judicial control.