Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically review studies on HRQOL, measured by the WHOQOL-Bref instrument, of refugees in general and clinical populations who are settled in the community of the hosting country, and outline the differences in scores among the two population groups and across the four domains of WHOQOL-Bref (physical, psychological, social relationships and environment domain) as well as factors impacting those outcomes.

Methods
Several databases were systematically searched by using a broad search strategy. Additionally, a hand search for grey literature was performed. Studies had to comply with the following inclusion criteria: (a) population of refugees; (b) living in the community of the country of destination; (c) assessing HRQOL through the WHOQOL-Bref instrument.

Results
15 studies were identified and divided into two subgroups: (a) general population of refugees (b) clinical population of refugees, who were specifically selected for their mental status or because they had experienced relevant past traumas. Although we can outline common patterns among the two groups, in terms of domains scoring the highest and the lowest, heterogeneous values of HRQOL are observed across the studies included.

Conclusions
Individuals who were included in the clinical refugee group have a lower quality of life in respect to the general population of refugees. However, among the two groups different patterns can be outlined considering each domain of HRQOL: higher scores for the Physical and lower for the Environment domain when considering the general population of refugees and higher scores for the Environment and lower for the Psychological domain when referring to the clinical one. These lower scores are probably due to having a higher rate of mental distress and being more exposed to somatization, stigmatization and barriers to access the healthcare system of the hosting country.

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Arbeit Ziel ist die Aktualisierung der Bewertungssätze
(BS) aus dem Jahr 2015 zur monetären Bewertung des gesundheitsbezogenen
Ressourcenverbrauchs aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive für die Jahre
2019 und 2020.
Methodik Die Aktualisierung folgt der Methodik von Bock et al. 2015.
Aufgrund der neu etablierten Pflegegrade, werden BS für die Pflegegrade
1 bis 5 neu zur Verfügung gestellt. Um Veränderungen der
Preisentwicklung während der Covid-19 Pandemie zu
berücksichtigen, wird die durchschnittliche Wachstumsrate der BS von
2011–2019 im Vergleich zu 2019–2020 ausgewiesen.
Ergebnisse Der Kurzbeitrag aktualisiert die BS für den
ambulant-ärztlichen Sektor, Heil- und Hilfsmittel,
Krankenhäuser, (in-)formelle Pflegeleistungen, sowie Rehabilitation
für die Jahre 2019 und 2020.
Schlussfolgerung Die aktualisierten BS können als Referenzwerte
für die monetäre Bewertung individueller
Ressourcenverbräuche in gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluationen
genutzt werden.

Die ökonomische Evaluation von Gesundheitsleistungen gewinnt insbesondere für die ältere Zielgruppe zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dabei spielt die Kostenermittlung eine zentrale Rolle. Häufig ist dazu eine Erfassung gesundheitsbezogener Ressourcenverbräuche durch Selbstangaben aufgrund der Vielzahl an Kostenträgern unumgänglich. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein Fragebogen entwickelt, mit dem die Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen aus gesamtgesellschaftlicher Perspektive erfasst werden kann. Die monetäre Bewertung der im Fragebogen erfassten Einheiten stellt einen wichtigen Schritt zur Ermittlung der Kosten dar. Der Beitrag zeigt und diskutiert die Ermittlung der entsprechenden Bewertungssätze für die im Fragebogen erhobenen Einheiten von Gesundheitsleitungen aus der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Perspektive. Economic evaluation of health care services for the elderly is gaining importance. One key element is the costing process which is often based on patient-reported data on health-related resource consumption. A central step towards the calculation of costs is to value the recorded resource consumption. This work shows and discusses how to calculate unit costs in order to value patient-reported data on health care utilization from a societal perspective in Germany. Reihe Gesundheitsökonomische Beiträge - Band 55.

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the association of sociodemographic and health-related determinants with social isolation in relation to family and friends in the oldest-old.

Methods
Database was the multi-center prospective AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe cohort study assessed at follow-up wave 5 (N = 1148; mean age 86.6 years (SD 3.0); 67% female). Social isolation was assessed using the short form of the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). The LSNS-6 contains two sets of items establishing psychometrically separable subscales for isolation from family and friends (ranges 0–15 points), with lower scores indicating higher isolation. Cross-sectional linear (OLS) regression analyses were used to examine multivariate associations of sociodemographic and health-related determinants with social isolation from family and friends.

Results
Overall, n = 395 participants (34.6%) were considered socially isolated. On average, isolation was higher from friends (mean 6.0, SD 3.8) than from family (mean 8.0, SD 3.5). Regression results revealed that in relation to family, males were more socially isolated than females (β = − 0.68, 95% CI − 1.08, − 0.28). Concerning friends, increased age led to more isolation (β = − 0.12, 95% CI − 0.19, − 0.05) and functional activities of daily living to less isolation (β = 0.36, 95% CI 0.09, 0.64). Independent of the social context, depression severity was associated with more social isolation, whereas cognitive functioning was associated with less social isolation.

Conclusions
Different determinants unequally affect social isolation in relation to family and friends. The context of the social network should be incorporated more strongly regarding the detection and prevention of social isolation to sustain mental and physical health.