Suchergebnisse

Background: Fibromyalgia is a painful chronic disease, suffered mainly by women, that consolidates a number of symptoms and skeletal muscle issues which are little understood. Objectives: To explore the social construction of FM from the perspective of health policies, patients, and health professionals involved in their medical attention. Methods: I) Policy review of national and regional health plans in a national and international context, the clinical protocols for fibromyalgia in Spain, and the Parliamentary initials in the European and Spanish context; and ii) Qualitative study involving 28 personal interviews with 16 fibromyalgia patients and 12 interviews with health care professionals in Spain. Results: The findings show that in Spain, the fact that fibromyalgia lacks recognition still remains: in policies, in the clinical and professional fields, and in the patients' social circle. International health policy has not yet taken steps to reflect the emergence of this recently diagnosed disease. The care for patients suffering from fibromyalgia, who are mainly women, leads to frustration among the healthcare professionals and desperation among the patients themselves, as a resolutive treatment for the disease is not existing. Patients show resistance at assuming the sick role. They want to carry on undertaking their daily activities, both in the public sphere and in the private one. Roles involving the gendered division of labour were found to follow a rigid pattern, both prior to and subsequent to the disease, as the causes that led to frustration for men or women differ according to activities that are socially assigned to them. In practice, FM is conceived exclusively as a women's health problem, which may result in a gender-biased patient healthcare attention. Conclusion: Political, professional and individual spheres have an influence on how this disease is constructed on a social level: as one of the "invisible women's diseases". It is recommended to resolve the disease's lack of recognition by i) implementing specific policies for FM and ii) increasing the training and sensitization of health providers about the severity of FM and the existence of gender prejudices biasing the attention. ; This work was funded by the Centre of Women's Studies at the University of Alicante (Spain) and Gender COSTAction Scientific Mission.

In this qualitative study we explored how gender shapes the women´s experiences of living with Fibromyalgia and how it affects their private lives. Through thematic analysis of data from 13 in-depth interviews in Spain, we identified 7 themes which reflect that these women feel remorse and frustration for not being able to continue to fulfil the gender expectation of caring for others and for the home. This research contributes to a better understanding into what suffering from fibromyalgia implies for women and provides insights into how family and providers can support women with fibromyalgia in order to achieve a beneficial lifestyle. ; This study is part of a wider research project financed by the Regional Valencian Government's Joan Gil-Albert Cultural Institute in Alicante (Spain) and the Women´s Studies Center of the University of Alicante.

In this qualitative study we explored how gender shapes the women´s experiences of living with Fibromyalgia and how it affects their private lives. Through thematic analysis of data from 13 in-depth interviews in Spain, we identified 7 themes which reflect that these women feel remorse and frustration for not being able to continue to fulfil the gender expectation of caring for others and for the home. This research contributes to a better understanding into what suffering from fibromyalgia implies for women and provides insights into how family and providers can support women with fibromyalgia in order to achieve a beneficial lifestyle. ; This study is part of a wider research project financed by the Regional Valencian Government's Joan Gil-Albert Cultural Institute in Alicante (Spain) and the Women´s Studies Center of the University of Alicante.

Introduction: Since 2008, Spain has been in the throes of an economic crisis. This recession particularly affects the living conditions of vulnerable populations, and has also led to a reversal in social policies and a reduction in resources. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore intimate partner violence (IPV) service providers' perceptions of the impact of the current economic crisis on these resources in Spain and on their capacity to respond to immigrant women's needs experiencing IPV. Methods: A qualitative study was performed based on 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews to social workers, psychologists, intercultural mediators, judges, lawyers, police officers and health professionals from different services dealing with IPV (both, public and NGO's) and cities in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante) in 2011. Transcripts were imported into qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti), and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified four categories related to the perceived impact of the current economic crisis: a) "Immigrant women have it harder now", b) "IPV and immigration resources are the first in line for cuts", c) " Fewer staff means a less effective service" and d) "Equality and IPV policies are no longer a government priority". A cross-cutting theme emerged from these categories: immigrant women are triply affected; by IPV, by the crisis, and by structural violence. Conclusion: The professionals interviewed felt that present resources in Spain are insufficient to meet the needs of immigrant women, and that the situation might worsen in the future.

Introduction Since 2008, Spain has been in the throes of an economic crisis. This recession particularly affects the living conditions of vulnerable populations, and has also led to a reversal in social policies and a reduction in resources. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore intimate partner violence (IPV) service providers´ perceptions of the impact of the current economic crisis on these resources in Spain and on their capacity to respond to immigrant women´s needs experiencing IPV. Methods A qualitative study was performed based on 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews to social workers, psychologists, intercultural mediators, judges, lawyers, police officers and health professionals from different services dealing with IPV (both, public and NGO´s) and cities in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante) in 2011. Transcripts were imported into qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti), and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results We identified four categories related to the perceived impact of the current economic crisis: a) "Immigrant women have it harder now", b) "IPV and immigration resources are the first in line for cuts", c) " Fewer staff means a less effective service" and d) "Equality and IPV policies are no longer a government priority". A cross-cutting theme emerged from these categories: immigrant women are triply affected; by IPV, by the crisis, and by structural violence. Conclusion The professionals interviewed felt that present resources in Spain are insufficient to meet the needs of immigrant women, and that the situation might worsen in the future. ; Introduccion Desde 2008, Espańa está atravesando una fuerte recesión económica con consecuencias negativas en las condiciones de vida de los grupos vulnerables de población, las políticas sociales y los recursos. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es explorar la percepción de los profesionales de servicios de atención a la violencia del compańero íntimo (VCI) en Espańa sobre el impacto de la actual crisis económica en estos recursos y su capacidad de respuesta a las necesidades de las mujeres inmigrantes que se encuentren en esta situación. Mètodo Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo basado en 43 entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas con profesionales de trabajo social, psicología, mediación intercultural, justicia, abogacía, policía y salud trabajando en diferentes servicios de atención a la VCI (tanto públicos como ONG´s) en diferentes ciudades en Espańa (Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante) en 2011. Las transcripciones se importaron al software de análisis cualitativo (Atlas.ti) y se realizó un análisis de contenido cualitativo. Resultados Se identificaron 4 categorías relacionadas con el impacto percibido de la actual crisis económica: a) "Las mujeres inmigrantes lo tienen ahora más dificil"; b) "Los recursos de VCI e inmigración en el punto de mira de los recortes", c) "Reducción del personal y aumento de las listas de espera" and d) "Las políticas de igualdad y VCI ya no son una prioridad gubernamental". Emergió un tema transversal a estas categorías: las mujeres inmigrantes se ven tríplemente afectadas por la crisis, la violencia estructural y la VCI. Conclusión Los profesionales entrevistados perciben que la disponibilidad de recursos en Espańa es insuficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de las mujeres inmigrantes, y que esta situación puede empeorar en el futuro.

Background: Legislative initiatives have been implemented to fight against Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and offer protection to its survivors in Vietnam. However, this type of violence is relatively common in the country, where broader structural inequalities, like poverty and the system of male dominance, increase women's vulnerability to IPV. Objective: This study aimed to explore the strategies that Vietnamese IPV survivors take to cope with the abuse from their partners and maximize their safety and wellbeing. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with eight women survivors of IPV who lived in one of the Peace House Shelter in Hanoi. Participants were recruited through the shelter. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative content framed by the theoretical concept of the patriarchal bargain. Results: The IPV survivors in our study took two main strategies to cope with IPV: keeping silent and/or leaving the abuser. Leaving was a challenging strategy because it required support from others, something that was difficult to find due to the social stigma associated with divorce and the normalization of violence in intimate relationships. This was specially the case for participants coming from rural areas who did not count on a social network in the city where the shelter is located. The women strategized within a complex set of structural constrains like poverty, cultures of honor, social stigma, and traditional gender roles. As active agents, they decided whether challenging the patriarchal system would optimize their life options. Motherhood also played a crucial role in women's decisions regarding IPV. Conclusion: A strategy of conformity like silence can be a tactic for women to cope with a system of male dominance while navigating complex structural inequalities. To better address IPV in Vietnam, interventions should be sensitive to the structural gender inequalities within family and societal contexts.

Objective: To analyse how team level conditions influenced health care professionals' responses to intimate partner violence. Methods: We used a multiple embedded case study. The cases were four primary health care teams located in a southern region of Spain; two of them considered "good" and two s "average". The two teams considered good had scored highest in practice issues for intimate partner violence, measured via a questionnaire (PREMIS - Physicians Readiness to Respond to Intimate Partner Violence Survey) applied to professionals working in the four primary health care teams. In each case quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a social network questionnaire, interviews and observations. Results: The two "good" cases showed dynamics and structures that promoted team working and team learning on intimate partner violence, had committed social workers and an enabling environment for their work, and had put into practice explicit strategies to implement a women-centred approach. Conclusions: Better individual responses to intimate partner violence were implemented in the teams which: 1) had social workers who were knowledgeable and motivated to engage with others; 2) sustained a structure of regular meetings during which issues of violence were discussed; 3) encouraged a friendly team climate; and 4) implemented concrete actions towards women-centred care. ; Objetivo: Analizar cómo las condiciones del equipo influyen en las respuestas de los/las profesionales sanitarios a la violencia de compañero íntimo. Método: Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples. Los casos fueron cuatro equipos de atención primaria de salud ubicados en una región del sur de España. Dos de ellos se calificaron como «buenos» y otros dos como «promedio». Se calificaron como «buenos» los dos equipos con puntuaciones más altas en prácticas en cuanto a violencia de compañero íntimo, medidas a través de un cuestionario (PREMIS, cuestionario que mide la capacidad de respuesta de los/las médicos) que se aplicó a profesionales de los cuatro equipos. En cada caso se recolectaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos mediante un cuestionario de redes sociales, entrevistas y observaciones. Resultados: Los dos casos «buenos» presentaban dinámicas y estructuras que promovían el aprendizaje y el trabajo en equipo en el tema de violencia de compañero íntimo, contaban con trabajadoras sociales comprometidas con el tema y un ambiente que les permitía desarrollar su trabajo, y habían puesto en práctica de manera explícita estrategias para ofrecer una atención centrada en las mujeres. Conclusiones: Los equipos que respondieron mejor a la violencia de pareja fueron aquellos que: 1) tienen trabajadoras sociales bien informadas y motivadas para involucrar a otros/as; 2) mantienen una estructura de reuniones regulares en las que se aborda el tema de la violencia; 3) promueven un buen ambiente de trabajo; y 4) desarrollan acciones concretas para ofrecer una atención centrada en las mujeres. ; ¿Por qué ciertos equipos de atención primaria de salud responden mejor a la violencia de compañero íntimo? Un estudio de casos múltiples

Objective: To identify the ethical conflicts that may arise between the nursing codes of ethics and the Royal Decree-law 16/2012 modifying Spanish health regulations. Method: We conducted a review and critical analysis of the discourse of five nursing codes of ethics from Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Europe and International, and of the discourse of the Spanish legislation in force in 2013. Language structures referring to five different concepts of the theoretical framework of care were identified in the texts: equity, human rights, right to healthcare, access to care, and continuity of care. Results: Codes of ethics define the function of nursing according to equity, acknowledgement of human rights, right to healthcare, access to care and continuity of care, while legal discourse hinges on the concept of beneficiary or being insured. Conclusions: The divergence between the code of ethics and the legal discourse may produce ethical conflicts that negatively affect nursing practice. The application of RDL 16/2012 promotes a framework of action that prevents nursing professionals from providing care to uninsured collectives, which violates human rights and the principles of care ethics. ; Objetivo: Evidenciar los conflictos éticos que pueden surgir entre los discursos legal y ético, a través deexplorar el contenido del Real Decreto-Ley 16/2012 que modifica la ley sanitaria en Espa˜na y los códigoséticos.Método: Revisión y análisis crítico del discurso de cinco códigos éticos de Enfermería de Barcelona,Catalu˜na, Espa˜na, Europa e Internacional, y del discurso de la legislación sanitaria vigente en Espa˜naen 2013, en los que se identificaron y compararon estructuras lingüísticas referentes a cinco principiosy valores éticos del marco teórico de la ética de los cuidados: equidad, derechos humanos, derecho a lasalud, accesibilidad y continuidad de los cuidados.Resultados: Mientras que el discurso ético define la función enfermera en función de la equidad, el recono-cimiento de los derechos humanos, el derecho a la salud, la accesibilidad y la continuidad de los cuidadosde la persona, el discurso legal se vertebra sobre el concepto de beneficiario o asegurado.Conclusiones: La divergencia entre el discurso ético y legal puede producir conflictos éticos que afectennegativamente a la práctica de la profesión enfermera. La aplicación del RDL 16/2012 promueve un marcode acción que impide que los profesionales enfermeros presten sus cuidados a colectivos no asegurados,lo que atenta contra los derechos humanos y los principios de la ética de los cuidados.

Objetivo Comprender el proceso de toma de decisión de un grupo de mujeres de continuar la gestación tras una infección prenatal por virus Zika y el diagnóstico de microcefalia de sus fetos. Método Estudio cualitativo. Se realizaron dos grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 21 mujeres residentes en el Departamento del Huila (Colombia) que, por presentar una infección prenatal por virus Zika entre 2015 y 2016, tuvieron hijos/as con microcefalia congénita. Los datos se analizaron siguiendo el enfoque de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados Emergieron cuatro categorías que muestran el proceso temporal desde antes de tomar la decisión de continuar la gestación ante una infección prenatal por virus Zika hasta sus consecuencias. El proceso se inicia con el diagnóstico de la infección durante el primer trimestre de la gestación, continúa con las recomendaciones médicas de interrumpir la gestación y el rechazo de las mujeres a interrumpirla, y concluye con el nacimiento de los/las niños/as con microcefalia congénita. Conclusión Las mujeres rechazaron la opción del aborto debido a conflictos éticos basados en creencias religiosas y en el valor de la maternidad. Es necesario diseñar políticas de apoyo social para las mujeres y las familias afectadas por este problema en Colombia. Debido al impacto internacional de la epidemia, los gobiernos deberán tomar medidas apropiadas para hacer frente a los futuros casos de infecciones por virus Zika en otros países. ; Objective To understand the decision-making process of a group of women to continue gestation following a prenatal Zika virus infection and the diagnosis of microcephaly of their fetuses. Method Qualitative study. Two discussion groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 women residing in the Department of Huila (Colombia) who presented a prenatal Zika virus infection between 2015 and 2016, their children were born with congenital microcephaly. The data were analyzed following the Grounded Theory approach. Results Four categories emerged from the analysis of the data showing a temporal process, from before to taking the decision to continue gestation following prenatal Zika virus infection to its consequences. The process begins with the diagnosis virus infection during the first trimester of gestation, continuing with medical recommendations to interrupt gestation and women's refusal to interrupt gestation, and ending with the birth of children with congenital microcephaly. Conclusion Women rejected abortion due to ethical conflicts based on religious beliefs and the value of motherhood. It is necessary to design social support policies for women and families affected by this problem in Colombia. Due to the international impact of the epidemic, governments should take appropriate measures to deal with future cases of Zika infections in other countries. ; Este estudio fue financiado a través de la Convocatoria institucional para conformar el banco de proyectos de investigación, desarrollo e innovación en la modalidad de menor cuantía (2017-2018), dirigida a los grupos de investigación de la Universidad Surcolombiana (Neiva-Huila), Colombia. Código 2706. Además, contó con la cofinanciación del Pla de Promoció de la Recerca de la Universitat de Lleida y del programa Serra Húnter de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

Objetivo: Evidenciar los conflictos éticos que pueden surgir entre los discursos legal y ético, a través deexplorar el contenido del Real Decreto-Ley 16/2012 que modifica la ley sanitaria en Espa˜na y los códigoséticos.Método: Revisión y análisis crítico del discurso de cinco códigos éticos de Enfermería de Barcelona,Catalu˜na, Espa˜na, Europa e Internacional, y del discurso de la legislación sanitaria vigente en Espa˜naen 2013, en los que se identificaron y compararon estructuras lingüísticas referentes a cinco principiosy valores éticos del marco teórico de la ética de los cuidados: equidad, derechos humanos, derecho a lasalud, accesibilidad y continuidad de los cuidados.Resultados: Mientras que el discurso ético define la función enfermera en función de la equidad, el recono-cimiento de los derechos humanos, el derecho a la salud, la accesibilidad y la continuidad de los cuidadosde la persona, el discurso legal se vertebra sobre el concepto de beneficiario o asegurado.Conclusiones: La divergencia entre el discurso ético y legal puede producir conflictos éticos que afectennegativamente a la práctica de la profesión enfermera. La aplicación del RDL 16/2012 promueve un marcode acción que impide que los profesionales enfermeros presten sus cuidados a colectivos no asegurados,lo que atenta contra los derechos humanos y los principios de la ética de los cuidados.

Objetivo: Explorar las percepciones de las mujeres inmigrantes trabajadoras del servicio doméstico sobre la puesta en vigor en España del Real Decreto 1620/2011, que regula la relación laboral del servicio del hogar familiar, y su efecto en sus condiciones de empleo. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio mediante análisis de contenido cualitativo. Se realizaron tres grupos de discusión con mujeres inmigrantes (colombianas, ecuatorianas y marroquíes). Resultados: A pesar de valorar positivamente los beneficios teóricos de la nueva normativa, las mujeres inmigrantes han identificado barreras legales y económicas para conseguir un contrato, ser dadas de alta en la seguridad social y que las personas empleadoras asuman su coste, en especial en el caso de las trabajadoras contratadas por horas. Estas dificultades influyen en la posibilidad de legalizar su situación. La confluencia con la crisis económica ha emergido como un problema que dificulta su cumplimiento. Conclusiones: Aunque el nuevo régimen ha favorecido la creación de puestos de trabajo con mayores derechos laborales en el sector, las mujeres inmigrantes perciben que su puesta en marcha en el actual contexto de crisis económica no ha contribuido a mejorar sus condiciones de empleo. ; Objective: To examine the perceptions of female immigrant domestic workers of the effect of Royal Decree 1620/2011, which regulates the relationship of domestic workers in the family home and their employment conditions in Spain. Methods: An exploratory study was performed using qualitative content analysis of three focus group discussions with immigrant women from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco. Results: Immigrant women positively assessed the theoretical benefits of the new regulation, but identified legal and economic barriers to obtaining a contract and being registered in the social security system by their employers, and to employers accepting the cost of these measures, especially for workers hired by the hour. These difficulties affected their possibilities of legalizing their status. The economic crisis posed a serious challenge to compliance with the new regulation. Conclusions: Although the new regime encourages job creation with stronger working rights for these workers, immigrant women perceived that its implementation has been hampered by the current financial crisis and has not, therefore, improved their employment conditions. ; FIS (PI11/01192).

Objective: to understand the perceptions of domestic workers on the legislative changes and impacts on their working and health conditions. Method: a qualitative study, conducted in a city in the inland of São Paulo, between December 2016 and March 2017, conducted through individual interviews with 15 domestic workers, using the snowball strategy and theoretical saturation sampling. For data analysis, Hermeneutics-Dialectics was adopted. Results: domestic workers face precarious working and health conditions, permeated by a lack of information about their rights at work, as well as discrimination, devaluation, musculoskeletal problems, mental suffering and presenteeism. Improvements in recent years have been reported, but the workers claim greater reach for formal registration and valuation for domestic work. Conclusion: constant evaluation and dissemination of the legislative changes with the domestic workers is essential, so that chronic situations of devaluation and precariousness of domestic work are replaced by the empowerment and transformation capacity of these women. ; Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de las trabajadoras domésticas sobre los cambios legislativos y los efectos sobre sus condiciones laborales y de salud. Método: estudio cualitativo que se desarrolló en una ciudad del interior del estado de San Pablo entre diciembre de 2016 y marzo de 2017, realizado por medio de entrevistas individuales con 15 trabajadoras domésticas, y en el que se utilizó la estrategia de la bola de nieve y el muestreo por saturación teórica. Para analizar los datos se adoptó la Hermenéutica Dialéctica. Resultados: las trabajadoras domésticas hacen frente a una precarización de las condiciones de trabajo y de salud, permeadas por la escasez de informaciones sobre sus derechos en el trabajo, al igual que por discriminación, desvalorización laboral, problemas osteomusculares, sufrimiento mental y presentismo. Se reportan mejoras en los últimos años; sin embargo, las trabajadoras reclaman un mayor alcance del registro formal y de la valorización del trabajo doméstico. Conclusión: resulta fundamental que se evalúen y divulguen constantemente los cambios legislativos entre las trabajadoras domésticas, de modo que las situaciones crónicas de desvalorización y precarización del trabajo doméstico sean reemplazadas por el empoderamiento y la capacidad de transformación de estas mujeres. ; Objetivo: compreender as percepções de trabalhadoras domésticas sobre as mudanças legislativas e os impactos em suas condições laborais e de saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em uma cidade do interior paulista, entre dezembro de 2016 e março de 2017, realizado por meio de entrevistas individuais com 15 trabalhadoras domésticas, utilizando-se a estratégia bola de neve e amostragem por saturação teórica. Para a análise dos dados, adotou-se a Hermenêutica-Dialética. Resultados: as trabalhadoras domésticas enfrentam precarização das condições de trabalho e saúde, permeadas por escassez de informações sobre seus direitos no trabalho, bem como discriminação, desvalorização laboral, problemas osteomusculares, sofrimento mental e presenteísmo. Melhorias nos últimos anos foram relatadas, porém as trabalhadoras reivindicam maior alcance do registro formal e valorização do trabalho doméstico. Conclusão: torna-se fundamental uma constante avaliação e divulgação das mudanças legislativas junto às trabalhadoras domésticas, para que situações crônicas de desvalorização e precarização do trabalho doméstico sejam substituídas pelo empoderamento e pela capacidade de transformação dessas mulheres. ; Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES).

Objetivo: Valorar la influencia de la precariedad laboral y la exclusión social en la salud de hombres ymujeres migrantes que trabajan en el sector agrícola en Espa ̃na.Método: Se recogerán datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en cuatro comunidades autónomas (Catalu ̃na, LaRioja, Murcia y Andalucía) entre 2021 y 2022. En una primera fase se realizarán entrevistas personalessemiestructuradas, con un mínimo de 40 informantes clave profesionales o expertos (de ONG, asocia-ciones, sanidad, servicios sociales, sindicatos, cooperativas agrícolas, política y mediadores culturales).En una segunda fase se combinarán entrevistas personales con técnicas cualitativas participativas (bodymapping y photovoice), con 40 hombres y mujeres migrantes jornaleros/as. En una tercera fase se reali-zará un estudio transversal con una muestra estimada de 400-500 migrantes jornaleros/as basada en laEncuesta Nacional de Salud y la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida. ; Objective: To assess the influence of job insecurity and social exclusion on the health of migrant men andwomen working in the agricultural sector in Spain.Method: Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in four Spanish autonomous regions (Catalo-nia, La Rioja, Murcia, and Andalusia) between 2021 and 2022. First, semi-structured personal interviewswith at least 40 professional key informants or experts (from NGOs, associations, health, social servi-ces, trade unions, agricultural cooperatives, politics, and cultural mediators). Second, semi-structuredpersonal interviews combined with participatory techniques (body mapping and photovoice) will beconducted with 40 migrant men and women working in agriculture. Thirdly, a cross-sectional study withan estimated sample of 400–500 migrants working in agriculture, based on the National Health Surveyand the Living Conditions Survey