Suchergebnisse

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore antecedents of helping behaviors among nurses using a social exchange framework. The paper reports an investigation into the effects of reciprocity, perceived coworker efficacy and stress on active and passive helping behaviors.Design/methodology/approachTo test hypotheses, the authors performed random coefficient modeling on Mplus with data from 155 full-time nurses.FindingsNurses were willing to help coworkers regardless of perceived reciprocity levels in the relationship. Rather, their perceptions of the coworker's efficacy and previous behavior predicted helping.Originality/valueThis manuscript contributes to the literature in a number of ways. First, it provides empirical evidence that individuals will suppress or ignore reciprocity norms during an interdependent task. This lends credence to the idea that social exchanges may need to be examined in light of other variables or at other levels of analysis. Second, it demonstrates that investment behaviors (i.e. helping) can and do occur in exchange relationships despite low reciprocity. Overall, the data suggest that individuals are willing to maintain relationships despite a lack of returns.

In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus caused a global pandemic, threatening the lives and livelihoods of millions across the globe. As of this writing, 40 million Americans had filed first-time unemployment claims U.S. Department of Labor (2020, March 26). Employment and Training Administration. https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/eta . The United States, with its historical reliance upon employers to cover many basic benefits, must overcome unique challenges in its recovery from this global crisis. In this article, we briefly describe the initial federal response; we then present the history of US benefits along with recent yet prepandemic benefit trends, and we conclude by presenting a potential path forward that may allow for both employers and workers to recover in a postpandemic society.