Suchergebnisse

In survey research, the term "reliability" has been used to denote a number of different concepts. This variety in usage has created conceptual confusion. The bases for the different usages are discussed, & recommendations to increase clarity of terminology are made. The use of "reliability" can be broken into 2 major categories: those which pertain to sampling-error variance & those which pertain to measurement-error variance. The statistical respects in which sampling variance & measurement variance are similar are reviewed to explain why the same term has been employed to describe both. The uses of "reliability" to describe specific types of measurement & sampling error variance are delineated. The major implication of the multiple usage of "reliability" is that attention has been distracted from the importance of conceptualizing & measuring all types of error variance in a survey. Survey researchers often do not give adequate consideration to the effects of measurement variance, while test developers often do not give adequate consideration to the effects of sampling variance. To improve clarity of terminology, the term "precision" should be used whenever reference is being made to sampling variance. Whenever reference is being made to measurement variance, the term "psychometric reliability" should be used if there is some possibility that the usage of "reliability" alone will be misconstrued. Careful use of clearly defined & mutually understood terminology should result in more clarity of conceptualization. AA.

The Shore Establishment of the Navy is managed by a mix of senior military and civilian personnel working closely together. There are many strengths in the system, including the different skills the managers bring to their position. Ideally, the knowledge of the operating forces and the fresh perspectives brought by the military officer are blended with the continuity and procedural and technical competence of the civilian. The relationship is not always smooth, however, and a first look is provided here.