In: 2019, Nengye Liu, Cassandra Brooks, The Future of Governing of Marine Living Resources in the Polar Regions, in Nengye Liu, Cassandra M. Brook, Tianbao Qin (eds), Governing Marine Living Resources in the Polar Regions (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham) 222-228
In: 2019, Nengye Liu, Cassandra Brooks, Tianbao Qin, Introduction, in Nengye Liu, Cassandra M. Brook, Tianbao Qin (eds), Governing Marine Living Resources in the Polar Regions (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham) 1-7
In: Brooks , C M , Chown , S L , Douglass , L L , Raymond , B P , Shaw , J D , Sylvester , Z T & Torrens , C L 2020 , ' Progress towards a representative network of Southern Ocean protected areas ' , PLoS ONE , vol. 15 , no. 4 , e0231361 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231361
Global threats to ocean biodiversity have generated a worldwide movement to take actions to improve conservation and management. Several international initiatives have recommended the adoption of marine protected areas (MPAs) in national and international waters. National governments and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources have successfully adopted multiple MPAs in the Southern Ocean despite the challenging nature of establishing MPAs in international waters. But are these MPAs representative of Southern Ocean biodiversity? Here we answer this question for both existing and proposed Antarctic MPAs, using benthic and pelagic regionalizations as a proxy for biodiversity. Currently about 11.98% of the Southern Ocean is protected in MPAs, with 4.61% being encompassed by no-take areas. While this is a relatively large proportion of protection when compared to other international waters, current Antarctic MPAs are not representative of the full range of benthic and pelagic ecoregions. Implementing additional protected areas, including those currently under negotiation, would encompass almost 22% of the Southern Ocean. It would also substantially improve representation with 17 benthic and pelagic ecoregions (out of 23 and 19, respectively) achieving at least 10% representation.
In: Kennicutt , M C , Bromwich , D , Liggett , D , Njåstad , B , Peck , L , Rintoul , S R , Ritz , C , Siegert , M J , Aitken , A , Brooks , C M , Cassano , J , Chaturvedi , S , Chen , D , Dodds , K , Golledge , N R , Le Bohec , C , Leppe , M , Murray , A , Nath , P C , Raphael , M N , Rogan-Finnemore , M , Schroeder , D M , Talley , L , Travouillon , T , Vaughan , D G , Wang , L , Weatherwax , A T , Yang , H & Chown , S L 2019 , ' Sustained Antarctic Research : A 21 st Century Imperative ' , One Earth , vol. 1 , no. 1 , pp. 95-113 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j. oneear.2019.08.014
The view from the south is, more than ever, dominated by ominous signs of change. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are intrinsic to the Earth system, and their evolution is intertwined with and influences the course of the Anthropocene. In turn, changes in the Antarctic affect and presage humanity's future. Growing understanding is countering popular beliefs that Antarctica is pristine, stable, isolated, and reliably frozen. An aspirational roadmap for Antarctic science has facilitated research since 2014. A renewed commitment to gathering further knowledge will quicken the pace of understanding of Earth systems and beyond. Progress is already evident, such as addressing uncertainties in the causes and pace of ice loss and global sea-level rise. However, much remains to be learned. As an iconic global "commons," the rapidity of Antarctic change will provoke further political action. Antarctic research is more vital than ever to a sustainable future for this One Earth.