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Archaeological Salvage Excavations at Patoka Lake, Indiana: Prehistoric Occupations of the Upper Patoka River Valley. Cheryl Ann Munson, ed. Glen A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology Research Reports, No. 6. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1980. xxvii + 829 pp. $15.00 (paper).Colonization and Conquest: The 1980 Archaeological Excavations at Fort Toulouse and Fort Jackson, Alabama. Gregory A. Waselkov, Brian M. Wood, and Joseph M. Herbert. Auburn University Archaeological Monograph No. 4. Montgomery, AL: Auburn University, 1982. xxix + 399 pp. $11.00 (paper).The Kellogg Village Site Investigations: Clay County, Mississippi. James R. Atkinson, John C. Phillips, and Richard Walling. A Report of work undertaken in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District, in fulfillment of Modification Three to Contract DACW 01–77–0015. Starkville: Mississippi State University, 1980. x + 345 pp. n.p. (paper).Parkin: The 1978–1979 Archaeological Investigations of a Cross County, Arkansas Site. Phyllis A. Morse. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series, No. 13. Fay‐etteville: University of Arkansas, 1981. 110 pp. $6.00 (paper).The Shallow Lake Site (3Un9/52) and Its Place in Regional Prehistory. Martha A. Rolingson and Frank F. Schambach. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series, No. 12. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas, 1981. 240 pp. $10.00 (paper).Yellow Creek Archaeological Project: Volume 1. Robert M. Thome, Bettye J. Broyles, and Jay K. Johnson. Archaeological Papers of the Center for Archaeological Research, No. 1. Chattanooga: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1981. 354 pp. $13.00 (paper).Yellow Creek Archaeological Project: Volume 2. Jay K. Johnson. Archaeological Papers of the Center for Archaeological Research, No. 2. Chattanooga: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1981. 347 pp. $13.00 (paper).

The appearance of anatomically modern Homo sapiens in Europe, the Near East, and Africa must represent either an in situ evolution of Neandertals or a migration. Those who suggest the latter claim a sudden replacement of Neandertals by anatomically modern Homo sapiens. However, the "evidence" actually cited claims only the sudden replacement of Middle by Upper Paleolithic industries. We criticize the migration explanation on two grounds. (1) There is no "sudden replacement" of Middle Paleolithic by Upper Paleolithic industries, but rather a gradual change in the frequencies of already present tools. Numerous sites in these areas exhibit transitional industries. (2) Concomitantly, there is no morphological evidence indicating a "sudden replacement" of hominids. There is no absolute association between anatomically modern Homo sapiens and Upper Paleolithic industries. Instead, the evidence clearly shows that early anatomically modern Homo sapiens is a late Middle Paleolithic local phenomenon.