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We study in this thesis the problem of social attitude formation and dynamics using multi agent simulation. The concept of attitude could be defined as a global evaluation of a social object, based on cognitive or affective information. Our works belongs to the field of social simulation which aims to reproduce in a virtual environment complex social phenomenon at a macroscopic level based on microscopic representations of individuals and their interactions. While existing approaches in this field rarely consider the results of studies in human sciences on the topic of attitude, we propose to follow a psychomimtic approach by micro-founding the cognitive model of our agents on human and social sciences' theories on individual's perception, inter-personal and media communication, belief revision, affective responses and the sentiment of unexpectedness. This model aims to reproduce at a microscopic level attitude dynamics toward actors who perpetuate actions witnessed by the individuals. We have proceeded to a functional analysis of the model's various components based on abstracts scenarios in order to study the capabilities of our model, and more precisely the describable phenomenon such as information diffusion, resistance to disinformation or the conformity process. The model has been applied in the context of French military operations of stabilisation in Afghanistan. The goal of this experience consists in reproducing opinion polls results of the locals toward the present Forces, collected during the intervention, based on a military scenario which has been recreated in partnership with officers who were in charge of operations between 2011 and 2012. Simulation results that follow a model calibration process show an error below 3 points of disparity compared to the real data. Finally, we propose a microscopic analysis of the results by applying automatic classification techniques on the simulated individuals in order to explain the multiple attitudes tendencies in the population. ; Nous étudions dans cette ...

We study in this thesis the problem of social attitude formation and dynamics using multi agent simulation. The concept of attitude could be defined as a global evaluation of a social object, based on cognitive or affective information. Our works belongs to the field of social simulation which aims to reproduce in a virtual environment complex social phenomenon at a macroscopic level based on microscopic representations of individuals and their interactions. While existing approaches in this field rarely consider the results of studies in human sciences on the topic of attitude, we propose to follow a psychomimtic approach by micro-founding the cognitive model of our agents on human and social sciences' theories on individual's perception, inter-personal and media communication, belief revision, affective responses and the sentiment of unexpectedness. This model aims to reproduce at a microscopic level attitude dynamics toward actors who perpetuate actions witnessed by the individuals. We have proceeded to a functional analysis of the model's various components based on abstracts scenarios in order to study the capabilities of our model, and more precisely the describable phenomenon such as information diffusion, resistance to disinformation or the conformity process. The model has been applied in the context of French military operations of stabilisation in Afghanistan. The goal of this experience consists in reproducing opinion polls results of the locals toward the present Forces, collected during the intervention, based on a military scenario which has been recreated in partnership with officers who were in charge of operations between 2011 and 2012. Simulation results that follow a model calibration process show an error below 3 points of disparity compared to the real data. Finally, we propose a microscopic analysis of the results by applying automatic classification techniques on the simulated individuals in order to explain the multiple attitudes tendencies in the population. ; Nous étudions dans cette thèse la formation et la dynamique des attitudes sociales à l'aide de la simulation multi agent. L'attitude peut se définir comme une évaluation globale d'un objet social sur la base d'informations cognitives ou affectives. Nos travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la simulation sociale qui tente de reproduire informatiquement des phénomènes sociaux complexes à une échelle macroscopique, sur la base de la représentation des individus et de leurs interactions au niveau microscopique. Tandis que les approches existantes dans cette discipline font généralement abstraction des travaux en sciences humaines sur le sujet de l'attitude, nous proposons de suivre une approche psychomimétique en micro-fondant le modèle cognitif de nos agents sur des théories issues de psychologie sociale et des sciences cognitives. Ainsi, nous proposons un modèle de dynamique d'attitude combinant des théories issues de travaux en sciences humaines et sociales de la perception des individus, la communication inter-personnelle et médiatique, la révision de croyances, la réponse émotionnelle ainsi que le sentiment de surprise. Ce modèle a pour objectif de reproduire au niveau microscopique la dynamique des attitudes vis-à-vis d'acteurs qui effectuent des actions observées par la population. Nous avons procédé à une analyse fonctionnelle des différents composants du modèle sur des scénarii abstraits afin d'étudier les capacités de notre modèle, en particulier les phénomènes descriptibles tels que la diffusion de l'information, la résistance à la désinformation ou le processus de conformité. Le modèle a été appliqué dans le contexte des opérations militaires françaises de stabilisation en Afghanistan. L'objectif de cette expérience consiste à reproduire les sondages d'opinions vis-à-vis des Forces en présence, récoltés durant l'intervention, à partir d'un scénario militaire qui a été reconstitué en partenariat avec les officiers en charge des opérations de 2011 à 2012. Les résultats de simulations qui suivent un processus de calibration du modèle affichent une erreur inférieure à 3 points d'écart par rapport aux données réelles. Enfin, nous proposons une analyse microscopique des résultats en appliquant des techniques de classifications automatiques sur les individus afin d'expliquer les différentes tendances d'attitudes au sein de la population.

International audience ; Attitude is a key concept in social psychology. The paper presents a novel agent-based model to simulate attitude formation by combining a rational and an emotional components based on cognitive, psychological and social theories. Individuals of the artificial population perceive actions taken by actors such as government or brands, they form an attitude toward them and also communicate the events through a social network. The model outputs are first studied through a functional analysis in which some unique macroscopic behaviors have emerged such as the impact of social groups, the resistance of the population toward disinfor-mation campaigns or the social pressure. We then applied our model on a real world scenario depicting the eeort of French Forces in their stabilization operations in Kapisa (Afghanistan) between and. We calibrated the model parameters based on this scenario and the results of opinion polls that were conducted in the area during the same period about the sentiment of the population toward the Forces. Our model was able to reproduce polls results with a global error under %. Based on these results, we show the diierent dynamics tendencies that emerged among the population by applying a non-supervised classification algorithm.

International audience ; Attitude is a key concept in social psychology. The paper presents a novel agent-based model to simulate attitude formation by combining a rational and an emotional components based on cognitive, psychological and social theories. Individuals of the artificial population perceive actions taken by actors such as government or brands, they form an attitude toward them and also communicate the events through a social network. The model outputs are first studied through a functional analysis in which some unique macroscopic behaviors have emerged such as the impact of social groups, the resistance of the population toward disinfor-mation campaigns or the social pressure. We then applied our model on a real world scenario depicting the eeort of French Forces in their stabilization operations in Kapisa (Afghanistan) between and. We calibrated the model parameters based on this scenario and the results of opinion polls that were conducted in the area during the same period about the sentiment of the population toward the Forces. Our model was able to reproduce polls results with a global error under %. Based on these results, we show the diierent dynamics tendencies that emerged among the population by applying a non-supervised classification algorithm.

International audience ; Attitude is a key concept in social psychology. The paper presents a novel agent-based model to simulate attitude formation by combining a rational and an emotional components based on cognitive, psychological and social theories. Individuals of the artificial population perceive actions taken by actors such as government or brands, they form an attitude toward them and also communicate the events through a social network. The model outputs are first studied through a functional analysis in which some unique macroscopic behaviors have emerged such as the impact of social groups, the resistance of the population toward disinfor-mation campaigns or the social pressure. We then applied our model on a real world scenario depicting the eeort of French Forces in their stabilization operations in Kapisa (Afghanistan) between and. We calibrated the model parameters based on this scenario and the results of opinion polls that were conducted in the area during the same period about the sentiment of the population toward the Forces. Our model was able to reproduce polls results with a global error under %. Based on these results, we show the diierent dynamics tendencies that emerged among the population by applying a non-supervised classification algorithm.

International audience ; This paper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude formation and change based on perception and communication in the context of stabilization operations. The originality of our model comes from (1) attitude computation that evaluates information as part of a history relative to the individual (2) a notion of co-responsibility for attitude attribution. We present a military scenario of French operations in Afghanistan along with polls results about the opinion of citizen toward present Forces. Based on these field data, we calibrate the model and show the resulting attitude dynamics. We study the sensibility of the model to the co-responsibility factor.

International audience ; This paper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude formation and change based on perception and communication in the context of stabilization operations. The originality of our model comes from (1) attitude computation that evaluates information as part of a history relative to the individual (2) a notion of co-responsibility for attitude attribution. We present a military scenario of French operations in Afghanistan along with polls results about the opinion of citizen toward present Forces. Based on these field data, we calibrate the model and show the resulting attitude dynamics. We study the sensibility of the model to the co-responsibility factor.

International audience ; This paper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude formation and change based on perception and communication in the context of stabilization operations. The originality of our model comes from (1) attitude computation that evaluates information as part of a history relative to the individual (2) a notion of co-responsibility forattitude attribution. We present a military scenario of French operations in Afghanistan along with polls results about the opinion of citizen toward present Forces. Based on these eld data, we calibrate the model and show the resulting attitude dynamics. We study the sensibility of the model to the co-responsibility factor.

International audience ; This paper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude formation and change based on perception and communication in the context of stabilization operations. The originality of our model comes from (1) attitude computation that evaluates information as part of a history relative to the individual (2) a notion of co-responsibility for attitude attribution. We present a military scenario of French operations in Afghanistan along with polls results about the opinion of citizen toward present Forces. Based on these field data, we calibrate the model and show the resulting attitude dynamics. We study the sensibility of the model to the co-responsibility factor.

International audience ; This paper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude formation and change based on perception and communication in the context of stabilization operations. The originality of our model comes from (1) attitude computation that evaluates information as part of a history relative to the individual (2) a notion of co-responsibility forattitude attribution. We present a military scenario of French operations in Afghanistan along with polls results about the opinion of citizen toward present Forces. Based on these eld data, we calibrate the model and show the resulting attitude dynamics. We study the sensibility of the model to the co-responsibility factor.

International audience ; This paper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude formation and change based on perception and communication in the context of stabilization operations. The originality of our model comes from (1) attitude computation that evaluates information as part of a history relative to the individual (2) a notion of co-responsibility forattitude attribution. We present a military scenario of French operations in Afghanistan along with polls results about the opinion of citizen toward present Forces. Based on these eld data, we calibrate the model and show the resulting attitude dynamics. We study the sensibility of the model to the co-responsibility factor.

International audience ; In the context of military training for stabilizationoperation of a crisis zone with civilian population, understandingthe formation of attitude and its dynamics is a key issue. Thispaper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude forma-tion and change based on individuals perception of informationand its diffusion through communication. We represent theattitude as object-evaluation associations of varying strength pro-posed by Fazio [1]. Individuals observe military operations. Theyexchange and revise beliefs about social objects depending onmultiple criteria deriving from social psychology theories. Theycompute their attitude value based on analytic assessment of thesebeliefs. We illustrate, through several simulation experiments, therole of communication on attitude dynamics.

International audience ; In the context of military training for stabilizationoperation of a crisis zone with civilian population, understandingthe formation of attitude and its dynamics is a key issue. Thispaper presents a multi-agent model for simulating attitude forma-tion and change based on individual's perception of informationand its diffusion through communication. We represent theattitude as object-evaluation associations of varying strength pro-posed by Fazio [1]. Individuals observe military operations. Theyexchange and revise beliefs about social objects depending onmultiple criteria deriving from social psychology theories. Theycompute their attitude value based on analytic assessment of thesebeliefs. We illustrate, through several simulation experiments, therole of communication on attitude dynamics.