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Under Hugo Chávez's 'Bolivarian Revolution', the government made itself present in all stages of literary production, applying the official idea of reading and writing as 'socialist practices'. The Bolivarian government envisaged a popular counter‐hegemony, courting popular support while delegitimising cultural elites and reinforcing class tensions. Bolivarian cultural policy is anachronistic in an age of global literary markets, while the emphasis on a national collective of writers over internationally promoted representative writers of the revolution is particularly radical.

AbstractUnder Hugo Chávez's 'Bolivarian Revolution', the government made itself present in all stages of literary production, applying the official idea of reading and writing as 'socialist practices'. The Bolivarian government envisaged a popular counter‐hegemony, courting popular support while delegitimising cultural elites and reinforcing class tensions. Bolivarian cultural policy is anachronistic in an age of global literary markets, while the emphasis on a national collective of writers over internationally promoted representative writers of the revolution is particularly radical.

El presente trabajo analiza los varios cruces de fronteras en Blue Label/Etiqueta Azul, (Eduardo Sánchez Rugeles, 2010) en el contexto de la política y la sociedad contemporáneas venezolanas, así como dentro del marco más amplio de la globalización. Contrapone el texto de Sánchez Rugeles a "la ética y la estética socialistas" promovidas por las políticas culturales bolivarianas para elucidar cómo la novela refuta tanto el nacionalismo como el socialismo venezolanos, y cómo, de esa manera, rechaza la tradición literaria de "ficciones fundacionales". This paper analyses the various border-crossings in Eduardo Sánchez Rugeles' 2010 novel Blue Label/Etiqueta Azul in the context of contemporary Venezuelan politics and society, as well as the wider framework of globalization. It places Sánchez Rugeles' text in opposition to the "socialist ethics and aesthetics" promoted by Bolivarian cultural policy, elucidating how the novel refutes both Venezuelan nationalism and socialism¸ thereby also rejecting the literary tradition of "foundational fiction".

El presente trabajo analiza los varios cruces de fronteras en Blue Label/Etiqueta Azul, (Eduardo Sánchez Rugeles, 2010) en el contexto de la política y la sociedad contemporáneas venezolanas, así como dentro del marco más amplio de la globalización. Contrapone el texto de Sánchez Rugeles a "la ética y la estética socialistas" promovidas por las políticas culturales bolivarianas para elucidar cómo la novela refuta tanto el nacionalismo como el socialismo venezolanos, y cómo, de esa manera, rechaza la tradición literaria de "ficciones fundacionales". This paper analyses the various border-crossings in Eduardo Sánchez Rugeles' 2010 novel Blue Label/Etiqueta Azul in the context of contemporary Venezuelan politics and society, as well as the wider framework of globalization. It places Sánchez Rugeles' text in opposition to the "socialist ethics and aesthetics" promoted by Bolivarian cultural policy, elucidating how the novel refutes both Venezuelan nationalism and socialism¸ thereby also rejecting the literary tradition of "foundational fiction".

El presente trabajo analiza los varios cruces de fronteras en Blue Label/Etiqueta Azul, (Eduardo Sánchez Rugeles, 2010) en el contexto de la política y la sociedad contemporáneas venezolanas, así como dentro del marco más amplio de la globalización. Contrapone el texto de Sánchez Rugeles a "la ética y la estética socialistas" promovidas por las políticas culturales bolivarianas para elucidar cómo la novela refuta tanto el nacionalismo como el socialismo venezolanos, y cómo, de esa manera, rechaza la tradición literaria de "ficciones fundacionales". ; This paper analyses the various border-crossings in Eduardo Sánchez Rugeles' 2010 novel Blue Label/Etiqueta Azul in the context of contemporary Venezuelan politics and society, as well as the wider framework of globalization. It places Sánchez Rugeles' text in opposition to the "socialist ethics and aesthetics" promoted by Bolivarian cultural policy, elucidating how the novel refutes both Venezuelan nationalism and socialism¸ thereby also rejecting the literary tradition of "foundational fiction".

This research note reports the results of interviews with 29 married couples about how they make charitable giving decisions. Most couples in the sample made decisions about donating small amounts separately and large amounts jointly. Most couples engaged in cooperative, not competitive, bargaining, as they tended to support the same charities and rarely disagreed about giving decisions. When couples did disagree, it was usually about the amount given, not the target, for large donations, and the target, not the amount given, for small ones. Sometimes one partner would act as the "gas pedal" and tend to want to donate money, while their spouse would act as the "brakes" and argue in favor of making a smaller donation or no donation. Cooperative bargaining also marked the process of increasing a donation, as one spouse would make a small initial decision and would later consult with the other about increasing the amount.

Purpose. Assess the effectiveness of the integration of vegetable demonstration videos and tasting experiences into a college nutrition course to influence students' readiness to change vegetable intake, self-efficacy for vegetable preparation, and usual vegetable intake. Design. Quasiexperimental, preintervention-postintervention comparisons. Setting. College nutrition course. Subjects. Of the 376 students enrolled in the course, 186 completed the online assessments (145 female, 41 male; mean age, 20 years). Intervention. Participants viewed online vegetable preparation videos and participated in vegetable tasting experiences that featured four target vegetables, one vegetable each month for 4 months. Measures. Preintervention and postintervention online surveys determined usual vegetable intake, readiness to change vegetable consumption, and self-efficacy of vegetable preparation. Analysis. Chi-square distribution and paired sample t-tests were used to examine differences preintervention and postintervention. Results. Stage of readiness to change vegetable intake shifted from contemplation toward preparation (p < .001). Self-efficacy of vegetable preparation increased and postintervention self-efficacy was associated with total and target vegetable consumption (p = .001 and p = .005, respectively). The average intake of asparagus, one of four target vegetables, increased (p = .016); similar changes were not observed for target or total vegetable consumption. Conclusion. Online vegetable demonstration videos may be an effective and cost-efficient intervention for increasing self-efficacy of vegetable preparation and readiness to increase vegetable consumption among college students. More research is needed to determine long-term effects on vegetable consumption.