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AbstractThe key to safe communities lies in an interactive partnership between citizens and law enforcement. Citizens have a responsibility to report crimes and criminal activity — to be the eyes and ears of the police, on the ground, in communities. This essay discusses the relationship between neighborhood pride, civic responsibility, and public safety.

To address crime, we must solve the social and economic problems facing the poor and minorities in our cities. Until the nation accepts this proposition, we can still work toward becoming more responsive, by refining the presently reactive role of police, among other initiatives. In Houston, police beats have been redesigned to reflect natural boundaries and officers have been assigned to specific neighborhoods on a permanent basis. Through the Directed Area Responsibility Team program, officers learn as much as they can about their neighborhoods and meet with community leaders. A complementary innovation, Project Oasis, assumes that, in a bad neighborhood, residents are good people who must take responsibility for local improvement, building on supportive services from government. In these and other new strategies in Houston, the use of community resources is the umbrella under which all policing activities are conducted.

It is argued that to address crime, the SE problems facing the Ur poor & minorities must be solved. As an initial step, society might become more responsive by refining the presently reactive role of police. In Houston, Tex, police beats have been redesigned to reflect natural boundaries & officers have been assigned to specific neighborhoods on a permanent basis. Through the Directed Area Responsibility Team program, officers learn as much as they can about their neighborhoods & meet with community leaders. A complementary innovation, Project Oasis, assumes that, in a bad neighborhood, residents are good people who must take responsibility for local improvement, building on supportive services from government. In these & other new strategies in Houston, the use of community resources is the umbrella under which all policing activities are conducted. HA

Abstracts As law enforcement agencies continue to increase their educational standards, it is incumbent upon colleges and universities to offer curricula that prepare policemen to meet the challenge of modern times Criminal justice programs should pave the way for innovation and change in the police establishment by producing well‐educated men, with a strong liberal arts background, capable of understanding self, community, and the role of the police in modem society.

This paper identifies many of the challenges that the U.S. dollar faced between 2002 and 2008, and also the consequences Americans are facing because of the dollar's free fall in value. Implications of the United State's current activities, both inside and outside of its borders, are examined in order to determine the causes of the decline of the U.S. dollar. In addition, a potential remedy is presented and includes the formation of a coalition with other countries to begin allowing all currencies to float freely in the exchanges, thereby letting the market dictate currency prices. Of course, the likelihood of this is small. Another remedy that is within the power of the U.S. but also unlikely to take place is to reduce government spending as well as the ever-increasing deficits. If drastic actions such as these are not instituted, further declines in the dollar's value will take place, and the ramifications will be severe.

In this review, we provide a framework for understanding both the predictors and approaches of CPA that firms undertake to achieve their objectives. We identify the predictors of CPA and classify them into two distinct categories: internal and external. In addition, we suggest that CPA approaches will vary depending on the firm's goal to either manage or mitigate regulation and legislation as compared to attempting to pass new bills into law. We conclude by suggesting several future CPA research directions for management scholars.