Suchergebnisse

PART ONE: THE HERITAGE: Setting the stage: Islam and Muslims -- Islam, Judaism, and Christianity in comparative perspective: an overview -- Muslim "church government" -- The historical bases of traditional Muslim and Christian political theory -- Unity and community -- The roots of political pessimism -- Muslim attitudes toward the state: an impressionistic sketch -- PART TWO: CONVULSIONS OF MODERN TIMES: Islam and politics in modern times: the great transformation -- Meeting the Western challenge: the early establishment response -- The early antiestablishment response to the Western challenge -- From World War I to the 1960s: the years of muted Islamist politics -- The return of Islam? -- The radical Muslim discourse -- Al-Banna, Mawdudi, and Qutb -- Khomeini and the Shi'ite Islam -- Conclusion -- Islam and politics past and present: a bibliographical essay

Habib Bourguiba wird in diesem Portrait als charismatischer Politiker beschrieben, der Tunesien erfolgreich in die Unabhängigkeit führte und nach 1956 wichtige Reformen umsetzte. Dennoch - so das Urteil des Autors - war Bourguiba zu lange an der Macht. Sein autokratischer Stil verhinderte die Institutionalisierung des "Bourguibism" - verstanden als Dekolonialisierungsstrategie. (DÜI-Hns)

Die amerikanische Politik im Nahen Osten vom Ende des 2. Weltkrieges bis zur Beendigung des irakisch-kuwaitischen Krieges. Besonders eingegangen wird auf die Truman-, Eisenhower- und Carter-Doktrin, die jeweils die Interessen und Ziele der USA in der Region definierten. Die Jahre 1980-1991 werden zusammenfassend resümiert. Die USA sind heute substantiell von den Erdölimporten aus dem Vorderen Orient abhängig, was ein noch größeres Interesse der Amerikaner für die Region zur Folge haben wird als in früheren Jahrzehnten. (DÜI-Ott)

Essay on structural aspects of change: The economic performance of the Middle East during the period under review has been, in general, adequate to good especially as compared with the rest of the Third World. Political changes since 1947 have greatly increased the power, personnel and pretentions of states and have brought into being a regional states system much more stable than prevailing political rhetoric or ideologies would suggest. The existing state system seems likely to survive at least for the foreseeable future. (DÜI-Hns)

If my own experience is at all typical, probably most students concerned with the influence of Islam in the modern world occasionally experience total doubt about their approach to the subject. Can one still justify putting such emphasis on the role of Islam as a historical continuum? Rather, since the nineteenth century, the period of the intensive 'impact of the west', haven't there been so many institutional changes that we have reached a real watershed, a breaking point with past history and with past categories of thought designed to explain that history? Shouldn't we de-emphasise Islam as a vital factor in the equation of the modern Arab world and of North Africa? Isn't it a mistake to put so much emphasis on the Islamic heritage?