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AbstractThis study examines consumers' use of in‐store information sources while Christmas shopping. A literature review identifies a number of situational, personal, and démographic variables that may influence search behaviour for a Christmas gift. A survey was conducted soon after the Christmas season to investigate the effects of the identified variables on search behaviour pertaining to a clothing gift. Findings indicate that in‐store search behaviour consists of three dimensions: general information search (e.g., dispays, comparing prices/brands), specific information search (e.g., labels, packaging), and assistance of sales clerks. Each search dimension was regressed on the identified variables, and determinants were obtained. Situational variables consistently outper‐forn all other variables, and personal variables outper‐form demographics for the two nonpersonal search variables. Implications for further research and for practitioners are provided.RésuméLa présente recherche s'intéresse à l'utilisation par les consommateurs des sources d'information à l'intérieur du magasin lors du choix de cadeaux de Noël. Une revue de la littérature identifie plusieurs variables (personnalité, situation et démographie) comme pouvant influencer la recherche d'information lors du choix d'un cadeau de Noël. Une enquěte a été menée juste après les Fětes afin d'identifier les variables qui ont pu influencer le choix d'un větement comme cadeau. Les résultats indiquent que la recherche d'information comporte trois dimensions: la recherche générale (ex.: présentoirs, comparaison des marques et des prix), la recherche spécifique (ex.: étiquettes et emballage) et l'aide d'un vendeur. Une régression de toutes les variables sur chaque dimension permet d'identifier les déterminants de la recherche d'information. Les variables de situation sont les plus importantes sur les trois dimensions, et les variables de personnalité plus importantes que les variables démographiques sur les deux premières dimensions. Enfin, l'article fournit des suggestions pour de futures recherches et indique les retombées pour les gestionnaires.

Some pathogens sustain transmission in multiple different host species, but how this epidemiologically important feat is achieved remains enigmatic. Sarcoptes scabiei is among the most host generalist and successful of mammalian parasites. We synthesize pathogen and host traits that mediate sustained transmission and present cases illustrating three transmission mechanisms (direct, indirect, and combined). The pathogen traits that explain the success of S. scabiei include immune response modulation, on-host movement capacity, off-host seeking behaviors, and environmental persistence. Sociality and host density appear to be key for hosts in which direct transmission dominates, whereas in solitary hosts, the use of shared environments is important for indirect transmission. In social den-using species, combined direct and indirect transmission appears likely. Empirical research rarely considers the mechanisms enabling S. scabiei to become endemic in host species-more often focusing on outbreaks. Our review may illuminate parasites' adaptation strategies to sustain transmission through varied mechanisms across host species. ; Australian Research CouncilAustralian Research Council [LP180101251]; Tasmanian Government Honours Scholarship in Wildlife Conservation by Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water, and Environment ; Published version ; We thank Chris Burridge and Geoff While for feedback and assessment of an early draft. This work was supported by an Australian Research Council Link Project grant (no. LP180101251) to SC and the Tasmanian Government Honours Scholarship in Wildlife Conservation awarded to EB by the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water, and Environment. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

Background: Before enacting health insurance reform in 2006, Massachusetts provided free breast, cervical cancer, and cardiovascular risk screening for low-income uninsured women through a federally subsidized program called the Women's Health Network (WHN). This article examines whether, as women transitioned to insurance to pay for screening tests after health reform legislation was passed, cancer and cardiovascular disease screening changed among WHN participants between 2004 and 2010.