Suchergebnisse

PurposeIn this research, we examine the effects of immigration status on the Asian‐white wage gap of one STEM profession, chemistry. Asians chemists are classified into four groups based on immigration status: Native born Asian citizens, naturalized Asian citizens, Asian with permanent visas, and Asians with temporary visas.Design/methodology/approachData for this study were obtained from the American Chemical Society (ACS) 2010 census of its membership. Only white and Asian men and women were included in our sample. The final sample consisted of 12,705 male chemists and 4,233 women chemists working full‐time in industry.FindingsIt was found that the wage gap between Asians and whites increases with the recency of immigration. That is, the wage gap is larger for Asian immigrants with visas. The authors discuss the factors that may explain this wage gap.Research limitations/implicationsIt was not possible to distinguish Asians in the sample by nationality.Practical implicationsSocial policy cannot effectively address the inequities between Asians and whites without a better understanding of the impact of immigration.Originality/valueMost recent research on the Asian‐white earning gap examines immigration in the context of place of education. In this paper, the authors go beyond this practice by examining immigration in the context of citizenship status.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how human capital affects the racial wage gap of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals, controlling for labor market characteristics and argue that human capital of minority STEM professionals is valued less than their White counterparts, even when minorities have similar levels of human capital.Design/methodology/approachData for this study were obtained from the American Chemical Society (ACS) 2005 census of its membership and consisted of 13,855 male chemists working full‐time in industry – there were too few minority women to make comparisons. The racial wage gap was decomposed by modeling earnings as an exponential function of race, education, marital status, children, experience, employment disruption, work specialty, work function, industry, size of employer, and region of work.FindingsThis research shows that there is racial discrimination in STEM professions. Although there is variation among racial groups, minority chemists receive lower wages than White chemists. For Asian and Black chemists, the wage differential is largely due to discrimination. The case may be different for Hispanic chemists. Most of the difference in wages between Hispanics and Whites was explained by the lower educational attainment and experience of Hispanic chemists.Practical implicationsBecause the racial wage gap is largely due to racial differences in the return on human capital, public and private efforts to increase human capital of potential minority scientists have a limited impact on the racial wage gap. Eliminating the differential returns to human capital would drastically reduce the racial wage gap – except for Hispanics. Achieving racial pay equity is one important step towards eliminating racial discrimination in the STEM workforce.Originality/valueThis paper shows the role of human capital in explaining the racial wage gap in STEM professions.

The impact of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 is assessed by a comparison of contributions to presidential campaigns in 1972 & 1984 by 590 members of 100 wealthy capitalist families. Included are contributions to both Republican & Democratic National Committees & to the 13 independent political action committees (PACs) making the largest expenditures to the presidential campaign in 1984. Results show a substantial decline in both number & magnitude of presidential campaign contributions in 1984. Families with high public visibility were most likely to contribute, & the Republican party was less affected by the decline in contributions than was the Democratic party. It is pointed out that the effect of PACs, entrepreneurs who have accumulated new wealth, & families who circumvented limitations of the act is not addressed. 4 Tables, 31 References. Adapted from the source document.

Assesses the impact of the Federal Election Campaign Act on the 1972 and 1984 presidential campaigns; based on a survey of 590 individuals from 100 families. Including donations to political parties and/or political action committees.