Suchergebnisse

This paper reviews the recent literature on problems associated with prescription drug use in older adults. The authors address four major issues: Why giving patients the wrong drug is so common; how taking the wrong amount is an even larger problem; why good drugs may be wrong for particular patients; and how high out-of-pocket spending and inadequate insurance coverage may disrupt otherwise sound drug regimens. The organizing theme of this review is the right drug for the right patient, taken in the right way at the right price. Despite significant gaps in the research record the evidence leaves no doubt that elderly individuals are at significant risk for inappropriate medication use. The paper concludes with an agenda for future studies: the need to validate standards for geriatric drug use, assess inappropriate drug use at the national level, establish population-based risk factors, and target research to the most significant adverse outcomes.

Abstract
Through design of international investment agreements, foreign investors may bring international claims against the States in which they invest, challenging domestic executive and regulatory measures, including those related to the environment and sustainable development. In contrast, host States are usually limited to defending claims brought against them. The capacity for a host State to bring an independent counterclaim has been tested in only a handful of cases, some of which involved environmental considerations. This article considers those cases and the potential for counterclaims to help enforce national and international objectives related to the environment. It does so by setting out the legal framework for counterclaims by host States, analyzing how jurisdiction, admissibility and causes of action involving environmental obligations under domestic and international law may be satisfied, and the attendant consequences for liability and compensation. It then considers the implications of counterclaims for future investment disputes, given the rapid development of international and domestic environmental law and policy, especially in the context of corporate governance, climate change and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.