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Abstract
This paper examines the extent to which social pressures can foster greater responsiveness among public officials. I conduct a non-deceptive field experiment on 1400 city executives across all 50 states and measure their level of responsiveness to open records requests. I use two messages to prime social pressure. The first treatment centers on the norm and duty to be responsive to the public's request for transparency. The second treatment is grounded in the peer effect literature, which suggests that individuals change their behavior in the face of potential social sanctioning and accountability. I find no evidence that mayors are affected by priming the officials' duty to the public. The mayors who received the peer effects prime were 6–8 percentage points less likely to respond, which suggests a "backfire effect." This paper contributes to the growing responsiveness literature on the local level and the potential detrimental impact of priming peer effects.

PLAT'S SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY HAS BEEN VARIOUSLY INTERPRETED, WITH ASSESSMENTS RANGING FROM CHARGES OF TOTALITARIANISM TO CLAIMS THAT IT EXTOLS A UNIVERSAL ELEVATION OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT. THAT SUCH WIDELY DIVERGING VIEWS CAN BE HELD AT ALL CONFIRMS THE EXISTENCE OF A TENSION OR DISJUNCTION AT THE VERY CORE OF PLATO'S THOUGHT, AN INADEQUATE LINKAGE BETWEEN HIS SEEMINGLY REACTIONARY OR AUTHORITARIAN POLITICS ON THE ONE HAND, AND HIS PANHUMAN EXALTATION OF THE SOUL AND CORRESPONDING FAITH IN THE EMANCIPATORY PROMISE OF PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION ON THE OTHER. THIS ESSAY EXAMINES THE LOGICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES BETWEEN PLATO'S RESTRICTIVE POLITICS AND HIS METAPHYSICAL APOTHEOSIS OF THE HUMAN PSYCHE, AND HIS ATTEMPTS TO SHOW THAT SOCIAL OR IDEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS OTHERWISE INEXPLICABLE CONTRADICTION.

This book examines the field of learning disabilities and the education of learning disabled (LD) children through the eyes of several experts. Contributors bring to the book such diverse academic backgrounds as education, psychology, special education, a

The Children's Television Community presents a cutting-edge analysis of the children's television community-the organizations, major players, and approaches to programming-and gives an overview of the history, current state, and future of children's programming. Leading children's television professionals and distinguished academicians come together in this volume to take a distinctive behind-the-scenes look at how children's television is created, programmed, and sold. This thought-provoking work emphasizes the various actors whose creative, financial, political, and critical input go into ch

This service record is an account of military actions during the American Civil War by veteran J. M. Bryant dated from 1901. ; All descriptive lists and service records in this United Confederate (Civil War) Veterans manuscript collection believed to be based out of Robert E. Lee Camp #158 of the United Confederate Veterans (Fort Worth, Tex.). ; The Southwest Collection Manuscript Record can be accessed at the following URL: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/ttusw/00119/tsw-00119.html ; 1 leaf, 2 pdf pages. ; Battles mentioned: Red River Expedition, 1864.

Motor planning abilities of 45 profoundly deaf and 45 hearing children (5 to 13 years) were compared by means of four tests. Measures evaluating the children's memory of seven limb, hand, and body positions were employed, together with a drawing task. The younger deaf children were superior to the hearing children in measures of drawing and hand positioning. In later childhood, however, there were no significant differences between the groups. The findings are discussed, with implications for future studies predicting the abilities needed in learning to sign successfully at early ages.

• The Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has played a prominent part in recent negotiations for "rainforest nations" to be compensated for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation or forest degradation (DFD). • A new report "The State of the Forests of Papua New Guinea" claims that rates of DFD in PNG are much higher than have previously reported. It suggests more than half of PNG's remaining forests will have disappeared or be damaged beyond recovery by 2021. • We argue that this claim is incorrect. The report overestimates the area of intact primary forest in 1972 and the impact of traditional land use practices on forest cover. Much of what the RSLUP report considers as deforestation is part of a cycle of traditional clearance for farming, fallow and regrowth that has been occurring for hundreds of years. • The assumption that areas impacted by harvesting or shifting cultivation will inevitably degrade and become non-forest is also not supported by observation of cutover forest in PNG. A considerable proportion of cutover forest areas will recover carbon stocks after harvesting. • It is argued that traditional land use practices and forest recovery processes need to be considered in assessing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and degradation in countries with complex land use histories such as PNG.